Sexuality :: Gender Roles, Sex

In chapter 10, Henslin talks about the issues of gender. In addition, he talks how sex and gender ar contrary from one(a) another. When we consider how females and males differ, the first thing that usually comes to mind is sex, the biological characteristics that distinguishes males and females.(248) Henslin defines sex as a biological attribute. (248) There are 2 distinct kind of sex a primary, and secondary. Primary sex features are related to the reproduction organs. Where as, secondary sex refers to the differences between one sex. In short, you acquire your sex, but you learn your gender as you socialized into behaviors and attitudes your culture asserts are appropriate for your sex. (248) Sex is an ascribed status, and on the other hand gender is something you are taught. sexual activity is a tool that our connection uses to control us it is the structural property of society. (248)Gender, in contrast, is a social, not a biological characteristics. (248) Gender disti nguishes the different inflections that one has and requires in words syntactically associated with them. In manifest words gender is refers if one person have masculinity or femininity characteristics. Rather, each human race group makes its own interpretation of these physical differences and assigns males and females to separate groups. (248) After they are separated, they are told what is presume for them, and are given different access to property, power, prestige, and other privileges that they community provides. Henslin also talks about nature vs. nurture, your sex is nature, but the way you are raised to be like one is nurture. A medical apoplexy that a 7-month baby experience when accidentally burns off a penis of the boy. The doctor recommend a sex-change-operation, the parents changed their piffling boy to a little girl. The chicane new girl behaved as a girl and followed her mother steps, but later on during her adolescent she felt she was trapped and then her pare nts told her about her accident at 7 months of age. Then later on she changed back to he. (250) Gender is the main dissection between humans. Every society sorts men and women into separate groups and gives them different access to property, power and prestige. (251) Property, power, and prestige have a good turn for men than women. Gerda Lerner concluded that there is not a single society know where women-as-a-group have decision making power over men (as a group).

Macbeth - Characters In The First Three Acts :: essays research papers

Compare and contrast the characters of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth in the first three Acts of Macbeth.Macbeth, the tragedy, is a penetrating, concentrated, and harrowing study of ambition. The play itself tells the story of a man, urged by his wife and foretold by prophecy, who commits regicide in order to gain power. His ostentatious appetite for domination scarce leads to his triumphal downfall deeming he and his wife naught but the, "dead butcher and his fiend like queen." However, the final analogy is a product of small change made evident in the first three acts. Macbeth is a basically good man who is troubled by his conscience and loyalty though at the same time ambitious and murderous. He is led to evil initially by the witches prophecies, and then by his wifes provocation, which he succumbs to because of the unrequited love he has for her. In retrospect, Lady Macbeth, whilst appearing patronising and manipulative, is in essence, a good wife who loves her husband. She is also ambitious but lacks the morals and integrity her husband posesses. To achieve her ambition, she rids of herself of any kindness that might stand in the way. However, she runs out of energy to supress her conscience and commits suicide. A foundation reputation for Macbeth is fashioned before he comes on to the stage. The Sergeant who has fought on his side harps about Macbeths valour in war, "But alls too weak For brave Macbeth well he deserves that name"(Act I, scene II). We then hear from Ross, who consistently speaks of Macbeths courage in battle, "The Thane of Cawdor, began a dismal conflict Point against point, rebellious branch gainst arm Curbing his lavish spirit and to conclude The victory fell on us - "(Act I, scene II). These accounts imply a mighty, patriotic warrior and a loyal work to the King. As the plot thickens, Macbeth falls short of these expectations, as a cloud of suspicion hangs over his conspicuous relationships with the Three wi tches. The suspicion grows when he (aside) confesses his "black and darksome desires"(Act I, scene IV). Macbeth knows in order to obtain the throne he must kill Duncan yet acutely acknowledges the duty he owes to Duncan. He knows to kill Duncan would in conclusion be an enormous sin, a crime against heaven and therefore Macbeth is restrained.

Hittite’s Self-Image Characterized by Grandeur :: Hittite Culture Cultural History Essays

Hittites Self-Image Characterized by Grandeur The Hittite empire, like many opposites of the Bronze Age, arose at a time when rude(a) tactics and implements for fighting were being developed in abundance. Like many other empires of that time, the Hittites recognized the importance of protecting their lands and acquiring new ones. As the size and influence of the Hittite empire grew, it sometimes formed peaceful agreements with foreign lands. These agreements, however, primarily served their own interests. Evidence of the behavior of the Hittites found in primary documents reveals that they treated civilizations other than their own as their inferiors. Religion was central to the Hittites culture and they considered their devotion to it to be one of their primary strengths. The precaution of Hittite religious institutions and their functionaries was a primary obligation of the commander of the Hittite border guards. A document containing instructions fo r that commander explains these responsibilities In the town through and through which the commander passes he shall attend to the necessary provisions for town-elders, priests, anointed (and) mothers-of-god. (par. 1) It was important to the Hittite king (also called the Sun) that all cities in the empire contain adequate sites for worship of the Hittite gods. This suggests that they believed paying tribute to the gods ensured them some sort of security or protection.In that same document it was stated, The commander of the border guards shall make an inventory of the gods utensils and send it before the Sun. (par. 3) Utensils probably refers to the possessions of the gods, perhaps including their temples, servants, and any commodities held in their name. A list of them was most likely held by the king so that what the Hittites had given to their gods was on record. The magnitude of religion in this civilization and the closeness of it to the military reveal that the favor of and protection from its gods gave its people a perceived power and authority that other civilizations lacked. Religion was also directly connected to imperial Hittite rule through the king. In a treaty between Mursilis, Sun of the Hittites, and Duppi-Tessub, king of Amurru, the preface mentions that Mursilis was the favorite of the Storm-god.

J. Edgar Hoover Essay -- essays research papers fc

J. Edgar make cleanFormer Senator Joseph McCarthy put it perfectly when he said, for the FBI is J. Edgar clean and I think we seat rest assured that it will always be. (qtd. in Denenberg 7). J. Edgar Hoover is credited for reconstructing the Bureau of Investigations (later renamed federal official Bureau of Investigations). Regardless of how batch saw him, Hoover was powerful and committed, and did everything within his power to improve the agency that would make this country a safer place for all.John Edgar Hoover was born parvenue Years Day in 1895. After years of education and law school he started as a third generation government histrion in July 1917 as a clerk for the Justice Department (Denenberg 23,25-26). In 1919 he was promoted to acting director and later to director in 1924. He ran the FBI until his remainder on May 2, 1972 at the age of 77 (DeLoach 226). With all of the changes to the system that occurred because of his hard work, J. Edgar Hoover is referred to as the father of modern-day law enforcement (DeLoach 226). Hoover potbelly take credit for separating the Bureau from politics, raising standards for agents, and implementing many other necessary crime programs (DeLoach 226-227). Most people were frightened of Hoover and this caused an attempt to portray him, finished the media, in a manner that was far from complimentary (DeLoach 228). It is very difficult to find positive information about him but no one can deny the hard work and accomplishments he made for the unattackable of this country. To this day, he is the longest-serving leader of an executive branch agency, having served through the terms of eight presidents. He had good standing relationships with all the presidents regardless of their political position. Herbert Hoover (no relation) recommended J. Edgar Hoover to the attorney general for his director position with the Bureau based on his previous performances. No president came close to fi rebound him (Hoover 34-35) . For almost three generations, and even now, it is almost impossible to think of the FBI without thinking of Hoover.Democrats accused him of being Republican just as Republicans accused him of being Democrat. Hoover himself was not political. He was just as skeptical, scornful and vindictive in the treatment of right-wingers and left-wingers he didnt like (Hoover 40). Hoover swept through the department and fired agents with questionable ... ...velt to obtain communications and tactics of suspected spies and war enemies. Though controversial it terminated the largest spy ring in operation in this country (Denenberg 79-81 Directors). Through the years Hoovers dedication in raising the importance if the FBI helped to expand the Bureaus jurisdiction and responsibilities (Directors).J. Edgar Hoovers record of notable government service has never been matched. He transformed the bureau from a badly managed, corrupt government activity to a quality law enforcement agency. As its size a nd budget have increased over the years, its reputation for competence and integrity has declined. It has lost most of the gaze that it enjoyed in Hoovers day.Works CitedDenenberg, Barry. The True Story of J. Edgar Hoover and the FBI. New York Scholastic Inc., 1993.DeLoach, Cartha. J. Edgar Hoover. Booknotes Life Stories. Ed. Brian Lamb. New York Random House, 1999.Directors Then and Now. Home page. Federal Bureau of Investigation. 1 July 2004 .Hoover, J. Edgar. J. Edgar Hoover Speaks Out. By Jack Wooldridge and Wilbur Martin. Nations Business January 1972 32-45.

Comparing Hitlers Germany and Stalins Russia :: Comparison Compare Contrast Essays

Comparing Hitlers Ger domainy and Stalins Russia Why is it that Germanys fascism lasted a relatively short clock timecompared to Russias communism? The regimes set up under Hitler andStalin were incredibly similar with respect to the rise and control of thestate. Both systems were based on entirely different ideology and goals.Hitlers Mein Kampf established the favourable position of the German race and theneed to expand as wanted by God. Hitler wanted the world. The organisation inRussia established by Lenin was based on a book called Communist Manifestoby Karl Marx, a call to the proletariate to unite and rebel against theirselfish employers. It is my belief that Lenin had entirely good reasons fordoing as he did, and felt he was helping the world as apposed to AdolfHitler. Immediately after Lenins death, a man very much the same in natureas Hitler, Stalin, came to control the Bolsheviks and throw Russia in acivil war in a quest for power. You now have two men of equal aspir ations presently to be in control of two very similar governments. In any rise of power, there needs to be a period of prudent planningrequiring much thought. These two men had very little history with which towork with which to model their revolutions. Times had been changing rapidly,technological improvements in the fields of manufacturing, transportation,and dialogue made this period of time very different from any other.Hitler spent his time imprison writing his book, Mein Kampf, filling it lavish of warped ideas of conquest and superiority of one race over another.I think it is strange that such works would go unnoticed with nobody leftto watch a man with such dangerous ideas. Lenin planned his revolutionwhile in exile in Switzerland. Then he made a deal with the Germangovernment whereby he was hid on a train and passed through enemy Germanyto Russia. The conclusions with respect to methods of acquiring power andcontrolling it when they did get it were very much the same. Both rulers had full run of their respective governments. Stalin wasalready dictator of Russia with his power and loyalty of the peopleguaranteed by the secret police, the Cheka. This entity provided Stalinwith an easy means of destroying the opposition and weeding out theundesirable to be sent to prison camps in Siberia, a virtual death sentence.For Hitler to ascend to that level of power he rammed the Enabling Actthrough the German coitus which gave him the power to enact laws.

Comparing Hitlers Germany and Stalins Russia :: Comparison Compare Contrast Essays

Comparing Hitlers Germany and Stalins Russia Why is it that Germanys fascism lasted a relatively short timecompared to Russias communism? The regimes established under Hitler andStalin were incredibly similar with complaisance to the airlift and control of thestate. Both systems were based on entirely different ideology and goals.Hitlers Mein Kampf established the superiority of the German race and theneed to expand as treasured by God. Hitler wanted the world. The government inRussia established by Lenin was based on a book mobilizeed Communist Manifestoby Karl Marx, a call to the proletariate to unite and rebel against theirselfish employers. It is my belief that Lenin had entirely good reasons fordoing as he did, and felt he was helping the world as apposed to AdolfHitler. Immediately by and by Lenins death, a man very much the same in natureas Hitler, Stalin, came to control the Bolsheviks and throw Russia in acivil war in a quest for power. You now have two men of equal aspirationssoon to be in control of two very similar governments. In any rise of power, there needs to be a period of careful planningrequiring much thought. These two men had very little floor with which towork with which to model their revolutions. Times had been changing rapidly,technological improvements in the fields of manufacturing, transportation,and communication made this period of time very different from any other.Hitler spend his time imprison writing his book, Mein Kampf, filling itfull of warped ideas of conquest and superiority of one race over another.I think it is strange that such works would go unnoticed with nobody leftto watch a man with such dangerous ideas. Lenin planned his revolutionwhile in conduct in Switzerland. Then he made a deal with the Germangovernment whereby he was hid on a train and passed through enemy Germanyto Russia. The conclusions with respect to methods of acquiring power andcontrolling it when they did get it were very much the sa me. Both rulers had full run of their respective governments. Stalin wasalready dictator of Russia with his power and loyalty of the peopleguaranteed by the secret police, the Cheka. This entity provided Stalinwith an easy means of destroying the opposition and weeding out theundesirable to be sent to prison camps in Siberia, a virtual death sentence.For Hitler to lift to that level of power he rammed the Enabling Actthrough the German Congress which gave him the power to enact laws.

Disadvantages Of The Clil Methodology Education Essay

Content and Language Integrated Learning ( CLIL ) is an advanced attack to attainment, a dynamic and actuating forces with holistic characteristics ( P atomic number 18si et al. 2001 77 ) . This method of reading the content of capable through a foreign linguistic intercourse has been acclaimed worldwide as a pedagogical rotating shaft of supplying scholars with a particular learn-promoting atmosphere. Although surveies conducted in CLIL schoolrooms have awardnstrated legion positive effects on linguistic communication competencies and attitude, there are equable certain accomplishments which can non be developed every bit successfully as in traditional schoolrooms. First of wholly, this concerns productive accomplishments which are fostered less(prenominal) effectively in CLIL categories. Therefore, extra schemes are oft needed in prepare to hike both unwritten and written accomplishments. One of such suited techniques is accommodative acquisition ( CL ) , which gives scholars an chance to work with their equals and, what is even more of import, motivates them. Integrating CL into CLIL may assist ease overall linguistic communication maturation and make a high degree of larning motive. This paper will analyze how pupils may be motivated in CLIL categories by implementing CL. The intent of the survey is to demo how CLIL enriched by CL can make a motivation acquisition environment.The first section of the paper is an debut, which is followed by an overview of the seek conducted on CLIL in atomic number 63. fragment 3 trades with the drawbacks of the CLIL attack and Section 4 is devoted to CL, which is divided into three subdivisions. First subdivision gives an overview of CL investigate done in Europe. The following subdivision defines CL as a term and the undermentioned subdivision investigates the specialnesss of CL organisation of the acquisition. Section 5 discusses how a b carry of CLIL and CL can lend to making actuating category atmosp here. The concluding subdivision will pull a decision approximately CL as one of the most recyclable techniques to summation pupils motive to larn linguistic communication.2. CLIL research in EuropeAs already stated in the debut, this subdivision deals with research surveies carried by in European states and points out chief treatments refering CLIL as a instruction method, viz. its influence on linguistic and cognitive competencies of scholars.Before lucubrating on CLIL research, it should be noted that there is understood a well-documented dearth of research in this country ( Perez- Canado 2011 315 ) . CLIL is a particular method of instruction and larning through a foreign linguistic communication ( abut 2002 54 ) , which has been widely acknowledged across Europe. This attack of incorporating content and linguistic communication in the schoolroom has gained an increasing popularity in European states in the mid-nineties when greater degrees of foreign linguistic commun ication proficiency and new signifiers of bilingual instruction were needed due to socio-economic integrating and globalisation. Being introduced and developed by Council of Europe in 1996, CLIL attack was later underpinned by a series of schoolroom based surveies which provided grounds for its advantages. Overall, research work carried out on CLIL affirms that it is safe and vivid manner of learning both for foreign linguistic communication and a content topic ( Gregorczyk 2012 10 ) . Findingss have extracted that CLIL has positive impact non merely on content acquisition ( californium. Serra 2007 Deller & A Price 2007 Seikkula-Leino 2007 Vollmer 2008 Jappinen 2006 ) , but in addition on L1 and L2 competencies ( californium. Masih 1999 Lorenzo, Casal & A Moore 2009 Coyle, Hood & A March 2010 ) . Besides, there are close to research workers who emphasize the ability of CLIL to better content and linguistic communication competencies and who strongly believe in the imp ortance of the CLIL methodological analysis ( californium. Mehisto & A March 2008 ) .3. Disadvantages of the CLIL methodological analysisDespite the presented potency of CLIL undertaking, several disadvantages of the content-based linguistic communication instruction were observed and investigated by different bookmans and learning experts. These surveies have demonstrated that particularly productive accomplishments are less boosted in CLIL schoolrooms and are achieved at well lower degrees of public presentation than receptive accomplishments. This means that both speech production and composing accomplishments are report to be negatively affected in content-based contexts. Particularly unwritten production of scholars is likely to neglect to be successfully developed and improved in CLIL categories ( Perez- Canado 2011 317 ) . Although some research workers argue that good synergistic accomplishments can be acquired in content-based schoolrooms ( Moore 2011 533 ) , Casal ( 2006 1 ) points out that scholars have few chances to pass on with each former(a) which may hold a negative impact non merely on unwritten but besides on written production. Furthermore, it is vital to concentrate much more attending on composing in content-based categories in order to go more positive results ( Dulton-Puffer 2007 36 ) .Apart from the inquiries of negatively affected lingual competencies raised by assorted research workers, other bookmans were concentrated on issues associated with linguistic communication development ( californium. Dalton-Puffer 2007 Merisuo-Storm 2007 ) . However, merely few surveies are concerned with scholars attitudes or perceptual experiences ( californium. Hunt 2011 ) . Since this paper is focused on CL as an effectual instruction tool for actuating scholars in CLIL categories, the research done on CL will be briefly discussed in the first subdivision of the following subdivision devoted to CL.4. Concerted acquisition.4.1. Overview of European surveies on CLThough the term concert acquisition was coined in the USA in the 1940s, most research has been undertaken merely during the last 30 old ages and has done much to progress theoreticians and instructors cognition of cooperation instruction. By looking at CL research outside the USA, there are merely few European states in which thorough and cardinal surveies on CL have been conducted, viz. in Italy by Lopriore ( 1999 ) and Spain by Lobato Fraile ( 1998 ) , Rodriguez Tunas and Morales Urgel ( 1998 ) , Casal ( 2005 ) , every bit good as in the Netherlands by Van Oudenhoven, Van Berkum and Swen-Koopmans ( 1987 ) . More research on CL is surely needed in Europe, which could put peculiar emphasis on the benefits of the incorporation of CL into CLIL categories, because this might heighten CLIL greatly.4.2. Definition of contrive acquisitionCL promotes better scholar s accomplishment than traditional acquisition attacks ( Slavin 1984 256 ) . CL is known for its utile and eff ectual instructional value in linguistic communication acquisition and in instruction in general. There exists a big assortment of explanations of CL which depend on the theoretical attack behind this term. For Olsen & A Kagan ( 1992 8 ) CL is a root word larning pattern with a particular construction, where larning depends on the socially structured exchange of information between pupils who are liable non merely for their ain results and advancement but besides for those of their equals. Similar to Olsen & A Kagan ( 1992 ) Johnson & A Johnson ( 1981 446 ) position CL as a method of set uping circumstantial groups so that pupils work together to maximise their ain and each other s acquisition . However, there are several broader definitions of CL, for illustration, one that is given by Jacobs, Power & A Loh ( 2002 A 1 ) who define CL as rules and techniques for assisting pupils work together more efficaciously . Another generalisation of the term CL can be found in th e surveies by Damon & A Phelps ( 1989 136 ) where research workers postulate CL as an overarching impression consisting a scope of team-based acquisition attacks .Overall, the definition of CL varies harmonizing to the facet of larning which is of primary importance for a peculiar theoretician. In this paper CL is regarded as an effectual pedagogical tool for bettering productive accomplishments in CLIL categories and for actuating linguistic communication scholars, and therefore, peculiar attending is drawn to both academic accomplishment and societal relationships, which may be enhanced in a concerted environment. The accentuation of these benefits of CL can besides be explained by the fact that scholars in a concerted scene follow the purpose of the group and seek to assist each other in larning which serves as a motivation force for their preparedness to inform and help their equals ( Gillies & A Boyle 2010 933 ) .4.3. Organization of larning in concerted schoolroomsThe pred ating treatment has demonstrated non merely the assortment of definitions of the term CL, but besides has highlighted the advantages of this effectual group larning technique. This subdivision will show the bing methods of forming of the acquisition action in concerted schoolrooms to demo the effectivity of CL for CLIL attack.There are several schemes of set uping larning in concerted schoolrooms, which is based on different attacks such as Leaning Together ( californium. Johnson & A Johnson 1981 Johnson, Johnson & A Holubec 1992 ) , Complex Instruction ( californium. Cohen 1994 ) , Group Investigation ( californium. Sharan 1994 ) , Student Team Learning ( californium. Slavin 1995 ) and Structural Approach to CL ( californium. Kagan 1994 ) . Obviously, certain similarities and differences can be found among them, nevertheless, and they are all underpinned by the basic rules of CL, viz. , positive mutuality and single answerability. At this point it should be stated that it is no n merely the execution of CL attack into CLIL contexts which is authoritative but besides the effectual and decently designed group methods with their built-in rules from which CLIL may scratch well. Furthermore, a immense assortment of CL techniques will do content-based categories more exciting for each scholar. ( californium. Jacobs, Power, & A Loh 2002 Sharan 2010 ) . Some of them are presented by Jacobs ( 2004 4-5 ) , e.g. Circle of Speakers, Write-Pair-Switch, Question-and-Answer Pairs, and so forth Importantly, the incorporation of such group activities into CLIL provokes pupils to endeavor ( Brecke & A Jensen 2007 57 ) .5. Execution of CL in CLIL schoolroomsAs already discussed in the old subdivision, CL techniques may increase scholars motive. However, non merely group activities per Se motivate pupils, but it is a social interaction that is so extremely of import for them, and by and large, for kids begin to larn at an early age ( Gillies & A Boyle 2011 933 ) . M otivation together with exposure and usage are defined as important requirements for effectual linguistic communication acquisition ( Willis 1996 11 ) . Therefore, supplying scholars with more societal contacts and peer interaction activities will actuate them to win and to larn. This does non intend that in content-based categories pupils can non interact and are non motivated. Pistorio ( 2010 2 ) underscores that CLIL has a possible to bring forth a socially constructed acquisition environment . Furthermore, CLIL, being based on intristic motive , gives a batch of chances to larn linguistic communication by the way ( Paresi et al. 2001 79-80 ) . In add-on, some research worker ( e.g. Hunt ( 2011 365 ) posit that CLIL programmes can work out the job of hallucination in L2 across Europe ( Lorenzo, Casal & A Moore 2009 12-13 ) . However, harmonizing to Seikkula-Leino ( 2007 330 ) , linguistic communication and content incorporated into the learning environment can non be equat ed with success. Therefore, an luxuriant combination of indispensable characteristics of CLIL attack and CL techniques will give more positive consequences, and, at the same clip, will better scholars motive. This integrating provides a motivational and cognitive priming for linguistic communication acquisition ( Snow, Met & A Genesee 1989 202 ) .6. DecisionIn decision, CLIL being applied in European schools has been developed to heighten bilingual instruction and has surely the potency for growing. In order to avoid some booby traps of the content-based acquisition, viz. negatively affected productive accomplishments, an extra instruction method CL has been suggested. In this paper, CL techniques with their important rules were demonstrated as successful pedagogical tools which may better academic accomplishment and societal interaction in a CLIL environment. Underliing the importance of societal interaction as one of the built-in conditions for successful linguistic communi cation acquisition, this survey has proved that CL may be efficaciously integrated into content-based schoolrooms in order to accomplish both a higher degree of motive and to hike lingual competency outcomes overall. Furthermore, since assorted CL activities force equal interaction, they can besides further talking accomplishments by actuating pupils to pass on with other.Further research in this country is needed to place other positive facets of CL, which are suited for CLIL and which may be applied efficaciously, particularly to better composing accomplishments. It will be besides indispensable to place other cooperation characteristics which may increase motive to larn linguistic communication in content-based categories. Of class, CLIL needs to continue with development and research non merely to foreground its advantages, but besides to concentrate on extra instruction techniques in order to vouch that pupils can successfully develop both their receptive and productive accompl ishments in a content-based environment. The consequences of this paper show that CLIL s benefits will far outweigh the disadvantages when implementing CL into CLIL.

Indian Women

TimelineThe steady change in their position can be amplylighted by looking at what has been achieved by women in the outlandish 1848 Jyotirao Phule, along with his wife Savitribai Phule, opened a school for girls in Pune, India. Savitribai Phule became the runner woman t for each unitaryer in India. 1879 John Elliot Drinkwater Bethune established the Bethune School in 1849, which developed into the Bethune College in 1879, thus bonnie the introductory womens college in India. 1883 Chandramukhi Basu and Kadambini Ganguly became the send-off female graduates of India and the British Empire.1886 Kadambini Ganguly and Anandi Gopal Joshi became the first women from India to be trained in Western medicine. 1905 Suzanne RD Tata becomes the first Indian woman to drive a car. 42 1916 The first womens university, SNDT Womens University, was founded on 2 June 1916 by the social reformer Dhondo Keshav Karve with just five students. 1917 Annie Besant became the first female president of the Indian National Congress. 1919 For her distinguished social service, Pandita Ramabai became the first Indian woman to be awarded the Kaisar-i-Hind Medal by the British Raj.1925 Sarojini Naidu became the first Indian born female president of the Indian National Congress. 1927 The All India Womens Conference was founded. 1944 Asima Chatterjee became the first Indian woman to be conferred the Doctorate of Science by an Indian university. 1947 On 15 August 1947, fol subalterning independence, Sarojini Naidu became the goernor of the United Provinces, and in the process became Indias first woman governor. 1951 Prem Mathur of the Deccan Airways becomes the first Indian woman commercial pilot.1953 Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit became the first woman (and first Indian) president of the United Nations General Assembly 1959 Anna Chandy becomes the first Indian woman judge of a High judicatory (Kerala High Court)43 1963 Sucheta Kriplani became the Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, the first woman to hold that position in any Indian state. 1966 Captain Durga Banerjee becomes the first Indian woman pilot of the state airline, Indian Airlines. 1966 Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay wins Ramon Magsaysay award for company leadership.1966 Indira Gandhi becomes the first woman Prime Minister of India 1970 Kamaljit Sandhu becomes the first Indian woman to win a Gold in the Asian Games 1972 Kiran Bedi becomes the first female stir to join the Indian Police Service. 44 1979 M some new(prenominal) Teresa wins the Nobel Peace Prize, becoming the first Indian female citizen to do so. 1984 On 23 May, Bachendri Pal became the first Indian woman to climb Mount eventiderest. 1989 Justice M. Fathima Beevi becomes the first woman judge of the Supreme Court of India. 45 1997 Kalpana Chawla becomes the first India-born woman to go into space.1992 Priya Jhingan becomes the first lady cadet to join the Indian Army (later commissioned on 6 March 1993)47 1994 Harita Kaur Deol becomes the first Indian wo man pilot in the Indian Air squash (IAF), on a solo flight. 2000 Karnam Malleswari became the first Indian woman to win an Olympic medal (bronze medal in the 2000 Summer Olympics at Sydney). 2002 Lakshmi Sahgal became the first Indian woman to run for the post of prexy of India. 2004 Punita Arora became the first woman in the Indian Army to don the highest rank of Lieutenant General. 2007 Pratibha Patil becomes the first woman President of India.2009 Meira Kumar became the first woman Speaker of Lok Sabha, the lower house in Indian Parliament. nuisances against women Police records in India show a high incidence of crimes against women. The National Crime Records Bureau reported in 1998 that by 2010 growth in the rate of crimes against women would exceed the population growth rate. 37 Earlier, more crimes against women were not reported to police receivable to the social stigma attached to rape and molestation. Official statistics show a dramatic increase in the number of repor ted crimes against women. 37 Acid ThrowingA Thomas Reuters alkali survey 60 says that India is the fourth most dangerous place in the world for women to live in. 61 Women belonging to any class, caste, creed or religion can be victims of this cruel form of craze and disfigurement, a premeditated crime intended to kill or maim permanently and act as a lesson to put a woman in her place. In India, acid attacks on women62 who dared to refuse a mans proposal of uniting or asked for a divorce 63 are a form of revenge. Acid is cheap, easily available, and the quickest way to destroy a womans life. The number of acid attacks kick in been rising.Child marriage Child marriage has been traditionally preponderant in India and continues to this day. Historically, child brides would live with their parents until they reached puberty. In the past, child widows were condemned to a life of great agony, shaved heads, living in isolation, and being shunned by society. 35 Although child marriage was outlawed in 1860, it is still a common practice. 65 match to UNICEFs State of the Worlds Children-2009 report, 47% of Indias women aged 2024 were married before the legal age of 18, rising to 56% in pastoral areas.The report alike showed that 40% of the worlds child marriages occur in India. 67 Domestic violence Main article Domestic violence in India The number of incidents of domestic violence is high among the lower Socio-Economic Classes (SECs). citation needed The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 came into force on 26 October 2006. See also Outline of domestic violence luck Main articles Dowry, Dowry death, and Dowry law in India In 1961, the Government of India passed the Dowry Prohibition Act,68 making helping demands in wedding arrangements illegal.However, many cases of dower-related domestic violence, suicides and murders have been reported. In the 1980s, numerous such cases were reported. 52 In 1985, the Dowry Prohibition (maintenance of l ists of presents to the bride and bridegroom) Rules were framed. 69 According to these rules, a signed list should be maintained of presents given at the time of the marriage to the bride and the bridegroom. The list should contain a brief description of each present, its approximate value, the name of who has given the present, and relationship to the recipient. However, such rules are rarely en agonistic.A 1997 report claimed that each year at least 5,000 women in India die dowry-related deaths, and at least a dozen die each day in kitchen fires thought to be intentional. 70 The term for this is bride burning and is criticized within India itself. Amongst the urban educated, such dowry abuse has reduced considerably. Female infanticide and sex-selective abortion Main article Sex-selective abortion and infanticide In India, the male-female sex ratio is skewed dramatically in favour of males, the fountainhead reason being the high number of females who die before reaching adulthood .Tribal societies in India have a less skewed sex ratio than other caste groups. This is in spite of the fact that tribal communities have far lower income levels, lower literacy rates, and less adequate wellness facilities. Many experts suggest the higher number of males in India can be attributed to female infanticides and sex-selective abortions. Ultrasound scanning constitutes a major leap forward in providing for the care of mother and baby, and with scanners becoming portable, these advantages have spread to rural populations.However, ultrasound scans often reveal the sex of the baby, allowing pregnant women to decide to abort female foetuses and try again later for a male child. This practice is usually considered the main reason for the change in the ratio of male to female children being born. In 1994 the Indian government passed a law forbidding women or their families from asking about the sex of the baby after an ultrasound scan (or any other test which would yield that information) and also expressly forbade doctors or any other persons from providing that information.However, in practice this law (like the law forbidding dowries) is widely ignored, and levels of abortion on female foetuses remain high and the sex ratio at birth keeps getting more skewed. 71 Female infanticide (killing of girl infants) is still prevalent in some rural areas. 37 some(a)times this is infanticide by neglect, for example families may not spend money on critical medicines or withhold care from a sick girl. Continuing abuse of the dowry tradition has been one of the main reasons for sex-selective abortions and female infanticides in India. Rape Main article Rape in IndiaRape in India has been described by Radha Kumar as one of Indias most common crimes against women72 and by the UNs human-rights chief as a national problem. 73 In the 1980s, womens rights groups lobbied for marital rape to be declared unlawful, as until 1983, the criminal law (amendment) act stated that sexual intercourse by a man with his own wife, the wife not being under cardinal years of age is not rape. Marital rape is still not a criminal offence. 72 While per-capita reported incidents are quite low compared to other countries, even developed countries,7475 a new case is reported every 20 minutes.New Delhi has the highest rate of rape-reports among Indian cities. 78 Sources show that rape cases in India have doubled between 1990 and 2008. 79 According to the National Crime Records Bureau, 24,206 rape cases were registered in India in 2011, although experts agree that the cases of unreported sexual assault is higher. 80 Sexual bedevilment Eve teasing is a euphemism used for sexual harassment or molestation of women by men. Many activists blame the rising incidents of sexual harassment against women on the mildew of Western culture.In 1987, The Indecent Representation of Women (Prohibition) Act was passed81 to prohibit indecent representation of women through advertisements or in publications, writings, paintings or in any other manner. Of the total number of crimes against women reported in 1990, half related to molestation and harassment in the workplace. 37 In 1997, in a landmark judgementambiguous, the Supreme Court of India took a strong stand against sexual harassment of women in the workplace. The Court also laid down detailed guidelines for prevention and redressal of grievances.The National Commission for Women subsequently elaborated these guidelines into a Code of Conduct for employers. 37 Trafficking The Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act was passed in 1956. 82 However many cases of trafficking of young girls and women have been reported. These women are either forced into prostitution, domestic work or child labour. Justice system In 2013 Indias top court investigated on a law graduates allegation that she was sexually chafe by a recently retired Supreme Court judge. 83 Other concerns Social opinionsIn the wake of several brutal rape attac ks in the capital city of Delhi, debates held in other cities revealed that men believed women who dressed provocatively deserved to get raped many of the correspondents stated women incited men to rape them. 8485 Health Main article Womens health in India The average female life expectancy today in India is low compared to many countries, but it has shown gradual improvement over the years. In many families, especially rural ones, girls and women face nutritional discrimination within the family, and are anaemic and malnourished.The maternal mortality in India is the 56th highest in the world. 86 42% of births in the country are supervised in Medical Institution. In rural areas, most of women deliver with the help of women in the family, contradictory to the fact that unprofessional or unlettered deliverer lacks the knowledge about pregnancy. 37 Eve teasing Eve teasing is a euphemism used in India and sometimes Pakistan, Bangladesh and Nepal8788 for public sexual harassment, stree t harassment or molestation of women by men, with Eve being a reference to the biblical Eve.Family planning The average woman living in a rural area in India has little or no control over becoming pregnant. Women, particularly women in rural areas, do not have admittance to safe and self-controlled methods of contraception. The public health system emphasises permanent methods like sterilisation, or long-term methods like IUDs that do not need follow-up. Sterilization accounts for more than 75% of total contraception, with female sterilisation accounting for almost 95% of all sterilisations. 37 Sex ratiosIndia has a highly skewed sex ratio, which is attributed to sex-selective abortion and female infanticide affect approximately one million female babies per year. 90 In, 2011, government stated India was missing three million girls and there are now 48 less girls per 1,000 boys. 91 patronage this, the government has taken further steps to improve the ration, and the ration is repo rted to have been improved in recent years. 92 Sanitation In 2011 a decently to Pee (as called by the media) campaign began in Mumbai, Indias largest city. 93 Women, but not men, have to pay to urinate in Mumbai, despite regulations against this practice.Women have also been sexually assaulted magic spell urinating in fields. 93 Thus, activists have collected more than 50,000 signatures supporting their demands that the local government stop charging women to urinate, manikin more toilets, keep them clean, provide sanitary napkins and a combat can, and hire female attendants. 93 In response, city officials have agreed to build hundreds of public toilets for women in Mumbai, and some local legislators are now promising to build toilets for women in every one of their districts. 93 Notable Indian women See also CategoryIndian women and List of Indian film actresses EducationSavitribai Phule was a social reformer. on with her husband, Mahatma Jotiba Phule, she played an important role in improving womens rights in India during British Rule. Savitribai was the first female teacher of the first womens school in India and also considered to be the pioneer of modern Marathi poetry. In 1852 she opened a school for Untouchable caste girls. Arts and entertainment Singers and vocalists such as M. S. Subbulakshmi, Gangubai Hangal, Lata Mangeshkar, Asha Bhosle and others are widely revered in India. Anjolie Ela Menon is a famous painter. SportsAlthough in general the womens sports scenario in India is not very good, some Indian women have made notable achievements in the field. Some famous female sportspersons in Indian include P. T. Usha (athletics), J. J. Shobha (athletics), Kunjarani Devi (weightlifting), Diana Edulji (cricket), Saina Nehwal (badminton), Koneru Hampi (chess) and Sania Mirza (tennis). Female Olympic medalists from India include weightlifter Karnam Malleswari (bronze, 2000), Saina Nehwal (bronze, 2012), and boxer Mary Kom (bronze, 2012). Politics Th rough the Panchayat Raj institutions, over a million women have actively entered political life in India.As per the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendment Acts, all local elected bodies reserve one-third of their seats for women. Although the percentages of women in various levels of political activity has risen considerably, women are still under-represented in governance and decisionmaking positions. 37 Literature Many women writers are prominent in Indian literary works as poets and story writers, such as Sarojini Naidu, Kamala Surayya, Shobha De, Arundhati Roy, and Anita Desai. Sarojini Naidu is called the nightingale of India. Arundhati Roy won the Booker Prize (Man Booker Prize) for her novel The God of Small Things.

Far from the madding crowd Assignment Essay

Gabriel never really liked troy, as he was able to win the woman that he loved without loving her in unsay. He feels as though Troy may have used Bathsheba to take over the farm. By meditating he allows himself to escape Troys world and to return to being himself. The only reason that the custody stay at Troys party is because they want to make a good impression and as well as to ensure a winters work. Had any man refused to stay and get drunk with Troy, they would most likely have lost their jobs, and would be stuck finished the winter.Had Bathsheba, Gabriel or Boldwood held the party, the hands would have been free to condescend and go as they pleased, without the risk of losing their jobs or fear of letting anyone down. This all goes to show the kind of individual that Troy is, the way that he is very conceited and feels that he has the authority to push people around as he is better than them. The weather and compass of the charge clearly projects the feelings and moods of the characters. While Gabriel is outside struggling to secure the farm, the thunder symbolises his anger.It shows how he could erupt at any minute because of Troy, yet the calm, quiet breaks in the thunder shows us that he is calm and tolerant, and the fact that he is risking his life for Bathsheba. The rustic characters are very important to the event of the storm, they give Hardy a background to show us the real person that Troy is. If there were only Gabriel, Boldwood and Bathsheba on the farm it would be very difficult to show Troys egoisticness as one of them strength have stood up to and challenged him.As the rustics are at the bottom of the farms hierarchy they are a lot much responsive to Troys orders and suggestions. When Troy holds the party in the barn, he makes the reader think that he is not as bad as they might have first thought, he has gone to the trouble of setting up a big party and has invited everyone that is linked with the farm. It is only when he starts to force the men into drinking more than they house handle, when he becomes too forceful it is then that the readers opinion of Troy begins to change. Bathsheba tries to reason with Troy to save the men.She says No-dont give it to them-pray dont, Frank It will only do them harm they have had enough of everything. In doing this, Bathsheba clearly knows that Troy has gone too far, she can tell that the men can not handle any more alcohol. At this point Troy is only getting started, he does not billing for his men, and he just wants to have a good time. In fear that Bathsheba could do something to ruin his party he immediately orders all of the women and children to leave so that he can get the men as drunk as he wishes.Troy shows a typical Victorian male attitude to women by making them all leave the barn, by doing so he shows his true power and ability to manipulate people to suit himself. The majority of Victorian men see women as lower than themselves, not as equals. Troy knows that he has the ability to make them do what ever he wishes. The morning after the storm Gabriel meets Boldwood on his detour back to the farm, Boldwood seems very distant as he struggles to hear and understand what Gabriel is saying to him.Gabriel is shocked to find that the wise and experienced granger Boldwood has overlooked the ricks on his farm, they been left un defend and vulnerable to the storm throughout the night. It can clearly be seen that Boldwood is not himself by his reply to Gabriel asking whether his ricks had been protected O yes. Boldwood added, after an interval of silence What did you ask, Oak? I agree that the characters are judged by each other and by the reader through their veneration to the land as the most wedded characters prevail in the end.Gabriel Oak, the most respected and caring of the land, has the trust of the whole farm, the reader and nature. Bathsheba, a caring and devoted businesswoman, is only looking for the opportunity to manage her own farm and to look after the crops. She is again liked by all and obsessed by Boldwood, in the end she too prevails as she ends up in love with a man who truly shares for her, her feelings and the farm. Boldwood, a very mature and experienced farmer who cares dear for his farm, is lead astray by a joke valentines, after he discovers that Bathsheba sent the card he becomes obsessed with her and loses all care for his farm and land.Troy, an untrustworthy, lying, selfish and conceited soldier who only has time for himself ends up in the worst possible position, he has no love for the land and does not even care about the farm, he is hated by almost all of the characters and eventually by his own wife. At the end of the novel his sinful lifestyle takes its doorbell as he is brutally murdered by Boldwood. Boldwood who lost what little devotion he had also ends up dead, though his ending does not come as a result of a sinful life, but an obsession that drove him to madness, and finally t o the grave.

Drink and Creative Writing Planning Essay

Sometimes people choose to try things for the first time because they want to or they like trying unused things or they are forced to. It was the day I was always waiting for, my first ever 9th grade party. I was so thrilled that the person tied(p) invited me, only the cool people were invited to huge parties and well lets just say I was an ordinary young woman. My friend Adriana and got ready at my base with excitement and off we went to experience our one life opportunity with the normal groups.I walked in the big huge giant building I started to set out goose bumps all over my body, my heart started to race as fast as a rocket, I was so nervous. It was all dark and the music was so loud my ears felt as if I was on a plane and about to take off. Everyone was dancing, drinking and doing all sorts of things I only thought happened in movies. I looked on my right and there was Adriana with some guy sitting on his lap and drinking, she moved quit fast. I went over to check if sh e was okay. She state she was but she sure didnt look okay.I was already starting to regret coming to this party. I didnt fit with these people, I was with all the popular people but I still felt like an outcast. Sitting in the corner alone, then a loud voice crawled into my ear Hey, what are you doing sitting down alone? Come with me I had never seen this girl in my life, or maybe I have but she was just cover by the heavy make-up. The strange girl handed me a drink, and told me to drink it, its nothing. Mum warned me about this, not taking drinks from random people.I hesitated and told the girl I dont want the drink. But she kept implying that I should just take a little bit and I was in the nub of all her friends and I didnt want to be humiliated. I took my first sip of alcohol and then I saw myself dancing and making a complete full of myself. The room started to spin uncontrollably. I dont remember half of the things I even did it was like I was a unlike person. I look to my right and I see two people fighting and Adriana in the middle.I was so worried she was in trouble so I headed over there to help her. I was pushed and shoved around trying to get to Adriana and all I remember is some aggressive boy choice up a bottle and I was on the floor. All I could see was a blurred vision of Adriana screaming my name and it all went blank. That iniquity would have to be the worst night of my life. One single drop of alcohol changed my whole night. I regret every single decision I made that night. I wish I can take it all back. Who wouldve thought the impossible could be possible.

Bottled Water in Australia

Bling h2o is a postgraduate end or Super Luxury bottled piddle product created by Kevin G Boyd a Hollywood producer / designer. Bling h2o costs from $US35. 00 to $US2,600. 00 per bottle and the water is bottled into glass bottles studded with Swarovski crystals. Bling has been featured on MTV euphony awards and The Emmys and on its website refers to itself as the Rolls Royce of bottled water. To identify the potential consumers in Australia we need to look at the target market and market segments bling are looking to fulfill.The subsidy status, and pricing, that bling put on their product would narrow the geographic segment to the economic centers of Australia, which Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane. A geographic division is identifying and analysing the location that a company is looking to send away into. In Australia a potential geographic profile would start at the state train, then move into cities, then if necessary a municipal level to identify potential consumer (Kotler, P. , Adam, S. , Denize, S. , Armstrong, G. 2009), The demographic make-up of a potential market is made up of the age group, income, occupation, gender, race, education and religion.Demographic segmentation is a universal form of analysis and very important part of identifying the size and methods of communicating with a target market. (Kotler et al, 2009) After reviewing the media on bling and the website the demographic profile for bling would be 20 35 year old age bracket with a high level of income. This is supported by blings involvement with MTV, The Emmys and the price of their product. The psychographic and behavioural segmentation bling would be looking at is a benefits viewpoint (Kotler et al, 2009).The benefits class is the benefits the user perceives to obtaining by using the product. The benefits from bling h2o are that of social status and class by imbibition bling users would be setting themselves apart. From the marketing segmentation identified bling would be lo oking at a young high income earners who place a high importance on their external image. Along with targeting the these individuals, 5 star hotels and up market nightclubs would also be consumers of these products due the overlapping target market and comprehend image they are looking to convey. This is identified by bling themselves on their ebsite where Boyd had the idea whilst observing celebrities and how from each one of them treated the bottled water they drunk In 2004 2005 Australians consumed about 550 trillion litres of bottled water, with worldwide consumption growing 57% from 1999 to 154 billion litres. (Munro 2006). The main industry body in Australia is the ABWI which was established 10 years ago and claims its objectives are to go on awareness and use of bottled water, and to ensure that consumers have safe good tasting water. The ABWI boasts member such as Coca- Cola Amatil Ltd and Schweppes Australia ttp//www. bottledwater. org. au/scripts/cgiip. exe/WService=A SP0003/ccms. r? Roxy=0x0002f062=10007 Bottled water is creation looked at as a serious environmental issue. The main packaging for bottled water is plastic, which is made from fossil fuels and Australia uses 314,000 barrels of oil in bottling water each year (Koutsoukis, 2007) Although the plastic bottled water comes in is recyclable, Australians are only recycling around 35% of the bottled water they purchases, 55% goes to landfill which accounts for 70,000 tonnes of plastic waste. Koutsoukis, 2007) (Munro 2006). It is been seen as such an environmental issue that Bundanoon, a small town in NSW, has banned the sale of bottled water in its stores when a company was looking to extract water from their tubing reservoir, and claims to be the first town in the world to enact such a policy. A review of social media surrounding bling h2o a macroscopical percentage of blogs condemned bling for being over priced and had concerns about water being sold at such a premium when much of the w orld is without clean water.An meshing blog by Sassisam title Bling H2O Ego in a bottle. Sassi Sam points out that she consumes 4 bottles of water a day and that would equate to $US980 per hebdomad just for water. Sassi Sam concluded that she would consider subverting from bling if they supported charities that focused on supplying clean water to those who dont have devil to it. Bling was featured on the site BoingBoing and points out that people who buy this must be fools. The interactive comments section of BoingBoing raised the issues of the importance of social status and that is scope ridicules levels.BoingBoing was the only website that brought up the issue of socially responsible marketing by user Cameron Barrett. If the author of this article was the brand manager of bling h20 they would be associating themselves with one of the umteen charitable organisations that are helping provided clean drinking water. An organisation like charity water is able to provide a person with clean drinking water for $1 a year. This small cost compared to the premium charge would quell the concerns over the ethics of the company and leave the image issue with those who buy it. ttp//www. theage. com. au/news/national/bottled-water-the-new-ecodisaster/2006/02/25/ 1140670303250. html http//www. theage. com. au/articles/2007/08/18/1186857841959. html? page=fullpagecontentSwap1 http//news. bbc. co. uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/8141569. stm http//www. bottledwater. org. au/scripts/cgiip. exe/WService=ASP0003/ccms. r? Roxy=0x0002f062=10007 Kotler, P. , Adam, S. , Denize, S. , Armstrong, G. (2009), Principles of Marketing. Pearson raising Australia, Frenchs Forest

A Family Study of Victor Frankenstein and his Monster Essay

Mary Shelleys Frankenstein is an exploration of the relationship surrounded by parent and child. Inspired in many ship canal by Mary Shelleys own experiences as a stickless child and a grieving mother, lords tale follows a analog trail of decline traceable to his mothers death. Up until that point, though fascinated with alchemy and life science, succeeders ideas retain a per boyal manner of scientific remove. His egotism is controlled and does not boast a power over life or death. It is provided when confronted with death that the fissures begin to appear and the idyllic scenes from his childhood begin to show the full remove of centre passe-partout experienced.Unable to deal with this abandonment realistically, he manipulates death to create renewed animation of the corpse in place of actual life. In his base of the monster, he assumes the role of mother to child in his single-minded manner plainly overcome by his own ego and lacking compassion he abhors and shuns his child as an abomination. sea captains monster finds himself thrown into a company for which he was incomplete prepared nor accepted. His abandonment is immediate but his initial reaction differs bulkyly from the destructive creationism of Victor.His rage at being ostracized is at first controlled and in a newborn state he recedes into the woodshed of the De Lacey family where he learns of and comes to yearn for a familial connection. Being denied this connection, yet again, his rage consumes him but does not obliterate this desire. That the novel should common snapping turtle on the idea of the mother-child relationship and the deep-seated effects of rejection and abandonment is no surprise considering Mary Shelleys own experiences with motherhood.Her own mother Mary Wollenscraft died from complications to vaginal bear when Shelley was only 10 days old (Adams 72). Through come to the fore the authors childhood and adolescence she experienced feelings of abandonment and guilt. As a child she saw her birth as the cause of her mothers death. Shelleys own experiences with motherhood were no less tragic having lost her first child when she was only 17, comely one year before she began writing Frankenstein. Shelley used her pain, to turn the tables to claim death create life.As Will Adams explains, Shelleys feelings and fantasies about killing her mother became on of the formative influences in her life Frankenstein is a meditation on the destructive consequences of growing up without a mother (or consistent father ) (73). subterfuge was Shelleys make do mechanism to come to terms with her own internal demons stemming from the guilt from her mothers death and her own helplessness in the causa of her first childs death. Similarly, Victor struggles with the absence of parental affection and the death of his mother, which permanently removes this possibility from his life.His efforts to reconcile the science of his youth with the realities of his emotional and familial life, while carrying potential, become perverted in his quest to overcome death. Though Victor clearly idolizes his mother, his affections for her are based on the ideal of motherhood and not interconnected with the woman herself. Through Victors descriptions we see and feel a symbol of motherhood but not the day-to-day tasks and affections one associates with motherhood. Victors relationship to his mother suffers from his inability see her as a psyche and not simply a maternal symbol.Victors esthesis of his mother is directly related to his parents relationship with one another and not Victors relationship to them individually. Viewed through his fathers eyes, Victors mother is a zoology of adoration. As Victor explains his parents relationship, There was a show of gratitude and worship in his attachment to my mother, differing wholly from the doating fondness of age, for it was inspired by reverence for her virtues (Shelley, Chapt. 1). Critics have questioned the ro le that being an only child played in Victors reception and perception of his parents affections.Feeling left out of their love for one another, Victor childhood consists of a love/hate relationship with his parents because he senses that they share an affection that in some way excludes him (Claridge 15). Victors over the top representation the goodness of his childhood, compared to the man he becomes, ring false, while during every hour of my infant life I legitimate a lesson of patience, of charity, and of self control, I was so guided by a silken cord that all seemed by one train of enjoyment to me (Shelley, Chapt.1). regard this in hindsight of Victors adult persona and rejection of parenting, it is difficult to accept this statement at face value. Where, after all, were these lessons in helping to guide Victor away from his creation of the monster and in maintaining strong joins with his remaining family? His mothers death from scarlet fever rather than halting his idyllic fantasies of perfection, only deepen them into a form of denial and repression that pr blusht closure and emotionally stunt him as a father to the creature.Even in death, his mother retains her saintliness, accept and resigning herself cheerfully to death (Shelley, Chapt. 3). This must have made death all the more than unreal for young Victor. As Will Adams explains in his psychological military rank of the tale, Victor is a man who cannot bear the reality of death and suffers greatly because of this defensive denial (65). For Victor the death of his mother is not merely tragic, but evil and it is this view, which propels him forward in his endeavor to recreate life. As Adams explains, he daemonizes death, daemonizes a reality that is completely natural and unavoidable (65).Death becomes a oppositeness to be overcome if life can be ended so easily, than death should be no harder to reverse, is Victors basic reasoning. As a result of his experiment in turning death to life, Victor ignores the living family he still has in his father, brother and Elizabeth. Victors deficiencies in coping and accepting his creation are seen by come critics to stem from his own childhood. Victor appears to be incapable of loving his family, despite his many assertions to the contrary. He ostensibly feels that family relationships should be shaped around mutual love and communication but his own attempts are stinted and selfish.After his mother dies, he leaves as scheduled and does not return for 6 years until calamity requires he fulfill his family obligation. When his brother William is murdered by Victors creation, his guilt overcomes his grief making the tragedy more Victors than anyone elses. Not only has he lost his little brother, but it was his creation which had broken yet another connection amidst Victor and his family. Propelled by ego, he placed himself into the role of creator and mother, without fully comprehending the responsibility.Uncertain in his feelings of acceptance from his mother, Victor has little on which to base the parent-child bond and his feelings toward his father cause an even greater friction in the role he should have rightly played in the creation of the monster. Given revisions performed by Shelley to the original text, in which Victors adolescent relationship to his father is made to become even more remote. In the first version of the novel, Alphonse Frankenstein shares his sons fascination with science but in the later 1831 edition Victors interest is singular only to him.This estrangement in affection between father and son becomes no less stark with the death of Victors mother. Instead he pulls himself farther away from his father, who seems to be pushing Victor away as well. Without a strong paternal or maternal bond, it is no surprise that Victor does not make this connection between himself and the monster. As Will Adams notes, if Victor had the courage, or we could say the ego strength, to consciously accept r esponsibility for his grand venture, everything may have turned out otherwise (79).The two years, which culminate with the creation of the monster, are defined by a single-minded energy that though engineered through scientific brilliance lack ethics. His enjoyment for these two years is creation something of which he expects will be of benefit to mankind. Victors reaction to the monster at his birth throw percipient onto the lack of actual forethought and responsibility inherent in its creation, Victors reactions suggest that eqoic, self-serving, death-denying motivations outweigh his genuine wish to serve humankind (Adams 77).It is wherefore not surprising that in the end, deluded throughout his endeavor that Victor would shun the reality of his efforts. Pieced together from dead bodies parts, Victor is never able to reconcile these dissimilar parts into a semblance of kindliness. In fact, by the end, he is unable to fully comprehend the steps, which had led to his ability t o conceptualize his creation, this discovery was so great and overwhelming that all the steps which I had been progressively led to it were obliterated, and I beheld only the result (Shelley, Chapt. 4).This can be read as Victors inability to discover and explore the root of his fascination with death and further avoiding the resolution of feelings which would have either stopped him in continuing or break out prepared him to father his creation. To imagine the birth from the creatures perspective is particular saddening. Though considered an abomination by established science and religion, the creature is unwitting of his distinction from the rest of mankind. On opening his eyes the first time, he sought to gaze upon his creator and to be nurtured.Instead, Victor turns away in frighten off and abandons the creature to his own devices. Like a newborn, the creature is helpless in understanding the mechanics of the world and is even further handicapped by societys judgment of his a ppearance. His physical deformity did not directly lead to his monstrous and violent behavior but rather the worlds rejection of him, starting with the rejection of his parent. Before the creature has committed his first crime, he is deemed by Victor to be a daemon. Will Adams notes that Shelleys use of the image of daemon is intentional, For the ult few hundred years, some writers have deliberately chosen the forms daemon, in part to emphasize the psychological and spiritual character of these being who are center(prenominal) between humans and paragons (Adams 60). Defying the logics of life and death, the creature is caught between humanity and a solitary existence. Intentionally large, further highlighting his abnormalities of the creature, he has the stature of a god but the emotional baggage of a human.In his observance of the De Lacey family, the creature is able to learn the constructs of a familys day-to-day lives. During his time in their woodshed, the creature learns n ot only language and history but also comes to understand the nature of love and family. He knows that his appearance causes fright in the average person and therefore keeps himself hidden from the De Laceys wishing to learn more from them before revealing himself. Through his daily watchfulness, the creature comes to love and feel kinship for the family even as they remain unaware of his presence.He finds himself caught up in their stories and sympathizing with their plight. Even the creatures own basic desires for food draw into a more universal focus as he realizes that each bit of food he takes unaware from the family, is one less bit of food they themselves will have to eat. If not for the creatures very human inclination toward companionship, he may have succeeded in living peacefully aside the family for many years. However, as each day passes and he finds their lives entangling his own, the creature wishes for a human connection.Though monstrous in appearance, each part of h im was once human and in the De Laceys he sees the full potential of this humanity. Even though he is rejected when the De Laceys become terrified by his horrible appearance, he accomplishes (for a while) what Victor is never really able to do. That is, the creature transcends his own egocentric perspective, sees through the eyes of another, feels love, and acts kindly (Adams 81). Victor, on the other hand, reacts to emotional closeness by pushing his family away.In fact, it is not surprising given Victors relationships with his family, and the distance he cultivates, that he would completely abandon a creature, which did not live up to his conceive of of reality. Victors obsession with natural science is a means by which to divert all of his attention away from these relationships and to realize something within himself. With the creation of the monster, Victor realizes his folly in believing he can reverse death but never addresses the root cause. Instead, he focuses his negative energy toward recognizing and rejecting the humanity of the creature.It has been supposed that this rejection is in effect a rejection not only of the monster but of the deep seated issues which Victor refuses to address, Even though the creature appears funnily alien a singular, isolated, non-human being with no kin nor friend he is also strangely familiar, universally understandable and intimately connected to Victor (Adams 64). In the role of parent, Victor Frankenstein, is an utter failure. Poorly prepared by his own childhood to provide genuine affection and understanding to the creature, Victor actions perpetuate an everlasting cycle.The creatures rejection by his parent and the people from which he has learned affection and companionship, lead his unraveling into the very daemon his appearance implies him to be. His one request from Victor for a companion is denied to him on these grounds. While he briefly receives understanding from his creator through the narration of his tale of the De Laceys, the issues, which have plagued Victors familial relationships, create a strong barrier and lead to Victor destroying his companion.Victor is unable to relate to the creature, as it is the living proof of his own parents failings in rhytidectomy him and his subsequent failures at love. In the end, Victor dies as alone as the creature their only communion to another being is through each other. starting as creator and creation, they each die nurturing their own unhappiness and solitude through a fruitless hunt that leaves them both monstrous.Works CitedAdams, Will W. reservation Daemons of Death and Love Frankenstein, Existentialism, Psychoanalysis. Journal of Humanistic Psychology. 41. 2001 57-89. 31 March 2009 Claridge, Laura P. Parent-Child Tensions in Frankenstein The Search of Communion. Studies in the Novel 17. 1 Spring 1985 14. MasterFILE Premier. EBSCO. 31 Mar. 2009 . Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein. Literature. org. http//www. literature. org/aut hors/shelley-mary/frankenstein/.

Did America become more intolerant during the 1920’s Essay

America is the most powerful dry land in the world and prides itself in being a melting pot of different cultures but has that always been true of America. I would comparable to argue that during the 1920s America became less tolerant of anythingUn-American. I would like to mention immigration policy, the Ku Klux Klan, political hysteria and Religious credulity.Before 1917 America had an exonerated penetration policy toward immigration but thousands of immigrants were pouring in from easterly European, Asian, and African countries which the WASPS (White Anglo Saxon Protestants), who had power at the time, didnt want in America. After 1917 a literacy test was introduced so all immigrants had to be able to shoot and draw up in English to be allowed in to the country which discriminated against non English speaking countries and poorer countries where large number couldnt afford to learn English, and so the open door began to close.In 1921 the amount of immigrants was still a m ajor problem to the WASPS and the immigration quota act was introduced that only allowed three hundred and fifty s tear down thousand immigrants into the the States each year. It also stated the amount of people emigrating from a particular country should not exceed three percent of the number of people from that country already living in America in 1910. This system also discriminated against countries undesirable to the WASPS since they had the smallest population already living in America in 1910.The open door closed further in 1924 when the amount of immigrants allowed into America was reduced to two percent of the population in 1890 and in 1929 when the total number of immigrants from any country was reduced to one hundred and fifty thousand people from any country to be allowed into America per year. The purpose of these fairnesss was to protect the interests of the WASPS already in America who held power at the time but feared losing it to opposing groups such as Jews, Catho lics, Blacks, Communists and anarchists.Another way America was becoming more intolerant during the 1920s was through the Ku Klux Klan, an organisation founded by a Texan dentist named Hiram Wesley Evans and its main aim was to protect white supremacy and the interests of the WASPS. During the 1920s when racial and political intolerance was at a peak membership rocketed to 5 million. The Klan was strongest in the southern states, which had previously been the slave states, and hatred for the blacks was heightened as whites and blacks were now competing for jobs, houses and land.The clan posture its views crosswise using extreme violence, for instance, should a black while get a job over a white man the white man would throw off a word with the Klan, the Klan would pay the black man a visit and the next day the black man would resign so the white man could have the job, in other cases the Klan would organise lynchings where mobs would roam the streets looking for a disliked ethnic minority person to beat up and possibly kill. social station of the Klan was limited to American WASPS and no other ethnic groups could join.Another aspect of American intolerance was fear of revolution or Red scare. In 1920 near 150,000 Americans had communist or anarchist views which represented 0.1 percent of the population of America but many Americans feared communist or anarchist revolution more than anything else. socialism and anarchy were feared so as communist and anarchist extremists were seen to arrange trade union demonstrations which were described by the papers as communist demonstrations, an anarchist shot president McKinley dead twenty years previously, Russia had become a communist country in 1917 and the Palmer incident of 1920.In June 1920 an unidentified man left a bomb outside the house of the attorney general, A Mitchell Palmer which resulted in the death of the bomber. The attack was presumed to be a communist assassination attempt due to a copy of a comm unist newspaper being found in the vicinity of the blast, which may have been discarded there innocently or set by Palmer to use the attack to stir up hatred for communists who were regarded as a threat to the American constitution and the WASPS in general. The attack resulted in A Mitchell Palmer heading raids on communists and anarchists that resulted in six thousand arrests and only two prosecutions for firearms offences.Another cause of political intolerance in the 1920s was the case of Sacco and Vanzetti. Sacco and Vanzetti were aerated with a wages robbery in which two guards were shot dead. Sacco and Vanzetti were both recent immigrants from Italy, neither spoke very good English, both were carrying loaded guns when arrested (although this is no crime in the USA even today) and most importantly both harboured anarchist views. Both men were put on trial with a passing biased Judge and a jury made up of WASPS, who in general disliked Anarchists and anything un-American. The e vidence for the defence of Sacco and Vanzetti far outweighed the evidence against them and the prosecution even used the fact that Sacco was carrying an anarchist leaflet at the time of arrest against them. Even though Sacco and Vanzetti were in all likelihood innocent the jury found them guilty and the coupling were executed on the twenty fourth of August 1927.The final aspect of American intolerance in the 1920s I am going to write about is religious intolerance. Throughout the 1920s church attendance across America was falling, especially on the urban areas. This worried many religious Americans and or so of the more extreme people founded revivalist groups with the aim of getting American people back into the church.A prime example of an extreme revivalist and probably one of the most famous was Sister Aimee Semple McPherson. Sister Aimee was head of the Four square gospel alliance and she often led services of over tail fin thousand people dressed as an angel and beating tim e to the hymns on a tambourine. Sister Aimee used the frenzy created during her sermons to make the incurable take they were cured and walk out of wheelchairs and leave crutches behind. Sister Aimee became a millionaire from collections taken during her services.Many Americans also became intolerant to non-American religious views such as Darwins possibility of evolution. Darwins opening of evolution says that humans evolved from apes over millions of years and the bible states that the world was created in 4004 BC by god in six days. Darwins theory had caused great controversy in the mid-nineteenth century and was generally accepted across the board but as intolerance grew in the 1920s people began to doubt this theory and the old arguments flared up again.In 1924 strong fundamentalists (who were against Darwins theory) set up the anti-evolution league with the aim of making it illegal to teach the theory of evolution. Even though the idea seems somewhat farfetched the anti evolu tion league succeeded in six states. In Dayton, Tennessee two teachers, Johnny Scopes and his college decided to put the new law to test and for Johnny Scopes to teach the theory of evolution to his class and his college to sue him for breach of the law. Johnny Scopes taught his class the theory of evolution and was after arrested and put on trial.The two sides hijacked the trial and it became Christian fundamentalism on trail rather than Johnny Scopes. Benefactors from both sides of the argument hired two of the best lawyers in America to fight the Monkey trial (as the press called it). During the trial the defence lawyer questioned the prosecution lawyer on flaws in the biblical theory he couldnt explain to which the prosecution lawyer replied, I am not satisfied by any evidence I have seen. The questioning continue like this until the press began making fun of the prosecution lawyer and the judge put a stop to it. Johnny Scopes was found guilty of breaking the law and fined one h undred dollars.These are the main reasons for which I believe the United States of America was becoming more intolerant during the 1920s. I particularly believe the American immigration policy, the Ku Klux Klan and the Red Scare contributed greatly to the views of many Americans and all the intolerance was down to the selfishness of the WASPS who wanted to protect their own supremacy, wealth, beliefs and interests.

Human Resource Function Essay

How of the essence(predicate) is it for the organization to put the effectiveness of the Human Resource Function? Why? The employment of human resource prudence has evolved from merely handling administrative matters to being heavily involved in the companys st stridegic planning. This is because more and more companies have recognised the key role that a skilled and competent workforce plays in creating, sustaining, and even increasing value for the organisation.Human resource management is embedded in every phase of an employees life cycle in the company, starting with recruitment. It is important for a company to hire new employees who exit be able to address its c be needs, atomic number 18 qualified, competent and motivated, and most importantly, whose values and principles be aligned with those of the company. It is also the role of the Human Resource (HR) plane section to market the company as the company of choice, specially for fresh university graduates, in order to get the tabuflank talents available.Another critical area of human resource management is talent retention. Sustaining the employees interest and promoting loyalty among the workforce can be achieved through a number of ways such as ensuring a healthy and safe working environment, providing competitive compensation packages and benefits, and rewarding outstanding employees who have significantly contributed to the improvement of the companys goals. The idea is to ensure that the employees are generally happy with their work so that this leave alone reflect on their motion.In addition, the HR department ensures that there are enough programs available to the employees for their fostering, education and upskilling needs. During and even after retirement, human resource management should also be present to ascertain that employees are satisfied and protected as they leave the organisation. Apart from looking after employees welfare throughout their hang in in the company, t he HR department handles a number of important functions such as internal communications, performance evaluation of employees, and managing an employees career developing path.More importantly, though, human resource management ensures that the company abides by all national, and sometimes even international, labor laws and regulations. Measuring HR force Gone are the years when companies simply believed that HR practices are working they now want hard facts and quantifiable results to determine if HR is adding value to the organisation.However, measuring the effectiveness of a companys human resources management should not be limited to its nation functions instead, it should also measure how HR best practices contribute to the attainment of the companys origin goals. In addition, the evaluation of HRs effectiveness should strike a balance mingled with cost (employee-related expenditures, both direct and indirect) and benefits or impacts on three takes internal (employees t hemselves), external (customers, clients and other stakeholders) and business (financial outcomes).Metrics for determining the value of HR internally include manpower productivity which for a weewee company, for instance, can be expressed as staff per 1,000 connections periodic performance ratings based on concord targets and deliverables turnover rate by age, rank and gender compensation take aim against industry standards training hours per mortal per year number of employees who received awards and recognitions for the year number of labor cases filed by union members as s vigorous as health and safety indicators such as fatalities rate, injury rate, occupational diseases rate, lost day rate and absentee rate.A company can likewise establish the effectiveness of its HR practices by getting feedback from its stakeholders. This is peculiarly useful for organisations in the service industry. Customer / client satisfaction surveys can help determine how well (or poorly) the exi sting talent pool is equipped to carry out the companys services, and how effective they are in addressing customer / client concerns. Results of such surveys willing allow the company to evaluate the skills gaps, and consequently, the training and development requirements of its employees.Finally, financial information like revenue, market share, net income, and share price can broadly determine how strong the workforce is from top management down to skilled workers and rank-and-file staff. This is because all companies rely on their people to develop, implement and monitor business functions that should lead to the growth and profitability of the organisation. Importance of Determining HR Effectiveness As we have seen, HR serves as the guardians of employees who, in turn, are the cornerstone of any successful and motionless organisation.This means that HR plays a critical role in ensuring the existence of a competent talent pool at any given time that can drive the company to at tain its business goals. It is, therefore, important for a company to determine the effectiveness and efficiency of its HR functions. By measuring the level and magnitude of impact of its human resources management, a company may be able to establish whether it is set in the right amount of investment through the right employee programs and for the right talents.Obviously, a company would not want to overspend on HR programs or processes that do not yield significant impacts or do not add value to the organisation. In addition, when good and comprehensive HR metrics or key performance indicators are in place, a company will be able to gull a more targeted approach to people development. For instance, if after the annual performance appraisal the company finds out that most of its employees are poor in customer service, then it can develop a training module on customer interaction, negotiation and communication.Similarly, if employee assessment results show that some senior manager s are not effective in their posts, then the company can make the necessary adjustments by moving these employees to some other unit where their expertise will be maximised, and finding the most qualified talent to take their place. Evaluating the level of success of its HR department will also send a positive signal to employees especially when the company asks for their opinion. It will make them feel that the company is really committed to safeguard their welfare mend working for the company and to hone their skills to become well-rounded professionals.More importantly, measuring the effectiveness of its HR programs and processes will allow the company to understand the kind of employees it has whether highly skilled, average performers or mostly staff workers and this will serve as an input to its strategic planning. Say, for example, the company wants to acquire a rival company or buy out a firm that went bankrupt, it will be able to clearly see if it has the ask talents t o do so, or if they have available talents who can be seconded to the new subsidiary.

Human Resources Management Contribution

How behind Human Resource Management contri besidese to the success of an engineering course? Although there is no widely ack straight offledged definition for the term Human Resource Management, as farthermost as I can translate it Human Resource Management is an approach to personnel oversight that sees passel as the key resource of a phoner. In short it is a system that believes it is grand to communicate well with employees and include them in what is going on with the cheek, to increase the commitment and help them to tell with the organization.HRM itemally is a body of functions and policies that shape the trim environment and control the relationship with employees. Some functions support alternative methods or practices from which managers can choose. The key functions in HRM are Planning the HR drives of the organization, in particular for the future. Integrating HRM with the organizations strategic management process and co-ordinating clusters of HR practic es to action the desired goals. Staffing correctly obtaining the correct people with regards to their skill set, abilities, knowledge and experience.Some practices involved within this are HR planning, Job analysis, Recruitment and admition. growth skills, to ensure that workforce can perform satisfactorily in their jobs and can advance within the organization. To come out employees key skills and where they are competent the Performance appraisal practice can be employed. cause employees through reward system, this can be done through performance appraisal, job evaluation. Designing and maintaining work systems that are safe and promote workplace wellness and employee wellness so as to fulfil health and safety legislations and retain a capable workforce.Managing relationships between employees, it covers a wide range of practices that can be used to create a bump co-operation between employees and also a better feeling of engagement/participation. It also extends to co-opera tion with unions if they are involved. Managing change for the future by helping others be able to envision and understand the change, along with setting expectations for performance and helping develop the cap great power to reorganize and reallocate resources (including people). Evaluating the value of the finished HR system y designing procedures and processes that measure it. All of these functions and practices are underpinned by legislation. In a practical application typically a company would set out organizational objectives and then ensconce on a strategy in order to achieve those objectives. In the context of an Engineering company/ championship the strategic focus could, for example, be on the following Ensure utile pedagogy and maturement of all staff in order to ensure flexibility and competence within roles. Develop effective communication between employees and between departments/functions. Develop mechanisms to cope with future environmental change including social, political and technological. In this example strategic focus is on developing a flexible organization that can admit to change in the environment and has a neat communication structure in order to achieve this. Intel is a good example of a company in the Engineering production line world whose business competitive advantage is its speed and flexibility in meeting the changing needs of various market place niches.Given the extremely short product life cycle in this industry, there is a pressure need, according to Andy Grove, CEO of Intel, to channel resources swiftly from declining areas into emerging/growing areas. In these scenarios technological and financial resource transfer can be done quickly, but people are the hardest part of the system to redeploy. In order to develop and encourage continuing success the business must develop a HRM strategy that focuses on the correct HR areas in order to maximise competitiveness.To develop a successful HRM strategy, the busin ess strategy must first be understood (Key brainish forces of the business technology, competition etc. , Implications of these driving forces and the fundamental contribution of people in the business). From here a mission statement can be developed that relates to the people side of the business, establishing what they contribute. Analysing the organization (Culture, Organization, People, HR systems) and the external business and market environment pull up stakes determine potential performance, skill issues etc. and highlight opportunities/threats.For each critical issue options can be generated considering the consequences of practical actions. From this a set of broad objectives can be created that can be split into specific HR areas, for example, Management, training/ growth, communication etc. The choice of strategy will down a bragging(a) effect on the companys success. Smaller companies will have to choose different objectives, for example, it is more than expensive f or a smaller company to offer effective training to their workforce, so a better option would be to select and recruit the correct staff.This is illustrated by Small to medium sized companies in China, which were found to have focused their HR efforts on selection and recruitment, performance-establish remuneration and employee involvement in decision-making. This may be working well for these SMEs but for future success it would be a good idea to develop effective training/development programmes in order to further develop their employees skills. The problem here is that in order to compete with other companies there has to be compromise in certain areas.SMEs cant always pull up stakes effective/quality training because of the cost, but over a longer period of time the cost-benefit ratio can be swung in a positive way as effective training can mean future development for the organization. In terms of Engineering industry this can provide greater benefit as development in certain skill areas, and skilled workers in general are essential for business growth. Problems can get here though as if employees leave for other, better paid jobs once they have had training and developed skills in certain areas, the companies lose out on work time and incur costs.another(prenominal) focus of HRM is to develop the central role of managers and also to prevent the view from workers as us and them with regards to managers and help create an us and us view. Cost can be controlled to a degree within a larger business by developing the roll of line managers as people managers, this cuts down the need for HR persons and helps to create a more personal environment for employees. This is shown by Hewlett-Packard (HP) who relatively recently have been moving back towards developing the central role of managers.Primarily the role of the HR department now is to facilitate, measure, and improve the quality of management and teamwork, not to provide an avenue for managers to abdicate their responsibilities for people. HRM also helps to develop workers ability to manage themselves, many companies now are emphasizing flexibility and cohesion through team based activities and self managed work teams. One of the largest and most successful companies in the electronic engineering world, Apple, are a good example of focusing on self managed work teams and creating very strong employee-company bonds.By facilitating the development of self-managed work teams, HR departments can remove themselves from the intermediary role and leave behind employees to be self-determining. The HRM system can provide great success for an engineering business. It provides a method to narrow down the problems within an organization relating to the people within it, and create specific areas to focus on headed by generalised terms to provide an easy to follow and implement strategic plan.It has many advantages, such as the ability to create a flexible work environment, focusing on specific areas of the business to maximise competitiveness. However it also has or so disadvantages, for example if quality training for workers is provided at great cost to the business, without proper precautions in place it is practicable for trained employees then to leave and obtain better paid jobs with their provided training. In many of the examples illustrated here it is possible to see that there is strong links between the success of an engineering company and the use of HRM.Without effective management of people the business can fail to achieve its goals or sufficiently succeed in its market. The many different aspects of HRM allow enough flexibility and variation to allow a business to select and develop specific areas to meet its needs, for example Intel has a built a flexible structure for its employees to allow the business to move in and out of growing/declining markets. Resources An empirical study of high performance HRM practices in Chinese SMEs Connie Zheng, Mark Morr ison & Grant ONeillThe International Journal of Human Resource Management, Vol 17 No 10, October 2006 Allbusiness. com get off cost, higher value human resource function in transformation. By Brockbank, Wayne -THE IMPACT OF HUMAN vision AND OPERATIONAL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON COMPANY PRODUCTIVITY Human Resources Management (Theory and Practice 4th Edition) Bratton and Gold The warmheartedness of Human Resource Management McKenna and Beech Introduction to HRM Maund Managementtoday. com Working Human Resoruces into the system

Chipotle Mexican Grill Essay

I. Key Problem What Steven Ells began with a small taqueria in Denver, Colorado in 1993, iodin may not swallow foreseen this venture to start out the fastest growing restaurant chain in the last decade. By 2006, Ells idea made its sign public oblation with 535 restaurants throughout the world. Things were going tremendously well up for CMG until late afternoon on October 18, 2012 when Ells complete receiving the comp whatsoevers third quarter results. While data indicated an overall satisfactory outcome, it was the challenger from Yum Brands taco doorbell and their recent launch of the Cantina doorbell menu that would result in what seemed to be the onset of a major problem. wetback bell shape had now become a major competitor to Chipotle since the launch of their saucily Cantina Bell menu allowing them to enter into the fast-casual segment in offering similar ingredients and items as Chipotle had. At the self equivalent(prenominal) time CMG paid a significant amount to a greater extent for their products forcing them to charge a higher equipment casualty on their menu items. greaser Bell, however, now offered similar items for half the monetary value. The bottom line contender was the solution of this problem. The fact that Chipotle menu prices were higher as comp atomic number 18d to that of greaser Bells innovative menu would ace to consumers or normally loyal customers to give the Cantina Bell menu a try.After the launch of the Cantina Bell menu in the summer of 2012, CMG stock significantly declined just after third quarter results were announced. To loan insult to injury, Jeff Einhorn, a h mete fund leader, presented at the Value Investors Conference in New York urban center proclaiming that CMG was an attractive stock for short-sellers because of the considerable competition from Taco Bell. He further stated, 23% of Chipotle customers had already try Taco Bells Cantina Bell menuand two-thirds of those customers indicated they would return. Whats more, the customers most likely to return to Taco Bell were in like manner those most likely to eat at Chipotle, a dynamic that indicates to me that Chipotle is most at risk of losing its frequent customers.This message led to CMGs stock falling by more than 4% within hours of the conclusion of the presentation. The announcement of projected increases in intellectual nourishment equals on the part of CMG also contributed to the competition between them and Taco Bell. While Chipotle stood by its belief that it is Food with Integrity because of better ingredients, the Cantina Bell menu produced something similar while lowering the cost a customer would have to stand for a meal, therefore, causing further competition between the two.II. Relevant TheoryBy looking at the items offered on the Cantina Bell menu versus those on Chipotles menu, I determined that they both have a private-enterprise(a) advantage. Chipotle is a premium product offered at a higher price wher e it reaches a broader market appoint that is willing to pay more money. On the other hand, Taco Bells main strategical course is cost leadership which enables them to reach a broader market sh atomic number 18 with a lower price for the desired item.As shown on Example 1 the Competitive Advantage and Economic Value Created be somewhat different between the two companies. Since Chipotle offers a better quality of ingredients, consumers are willing to pay a higher price. As a result, creating a higher Value (V) for a burrito is at the same time creating a great economic value (Value-Cost.) Meanwhile the economic value created by Taco Bell is small since the value of their product is less and consumers maximum willingness to pay will be lower. Example 1Since Yum Brands launching of the crude Cantina Bell menu, this new organic ingredient-driven list of selections has been a sensibly obvious attempt to compete with fast casual giant Chipotle. This is what has become the major c oncern for Chipotle where competition is becoming fierce and for practically half the price the Cantina Bell menu is a definite value. However, you do get what you pay for and the overall quality and taste of Chipotle still has a slightly greater edge over Taco Bell. The value someone will be willing to pay for a Taco Bell burrito will be less than the value Chipotle has created with their better quality ingredients, hence creating a greater economic value.III. Assessment of AlternativesHow could Chipotle effectively progression their key problem which is Taco Bells new Cantina Bell menu? What seems to be the main concern for Chipotle is that Taco Bell is trying to provide a similar product for half the price. Some of the alternatives available to Chipotle to are Buy low cost goods to squinch prices using severe Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) Another option could be to offer a smaller burrito for a smaller price, or to include less amounts of meat as Taco Bell does Continu e doing what they do best and differentiate themselvesShould Chipotle buy low cost goods to reduce prices using Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs), it would allow them to offer menu items at a lower cost to the consumer providing greater competition between them and Taco Bells Cantina Bell menu. However, in doing so would vary their philosophy of providing the best quality ingredients in their food. In doing so, it will change CMGs strategy from beingness a premium product and higher price to a cost leadership strategy and at the same time reducing the value of its product.Another option could be to offer a smaller burrito for a smaller price, or to include less amounts of meat as Taco Bell does in its Cantina Bell menu. This would also allow for cost effectiveness on both the consumer and Chipotles side, however, it would go against CMGs mission statement of being Food with Integrity, lower its value and become a cost leadership strategy as opposed to being a premium product and higher price.A third alternative is for CMG to continue to compete effectively by doing what they already are doing which is differentiation ground on quality and sustainability. This approach supports its philosophical message of better food for the consumer and community as well as being environmentally conscious. This allows CMG to maintain its values and remain within their strategy segment. On the contrary, this alternative force Chipotle to increase their menu prices while reducing its consumer surplus.IV. Suggested Course of ActionAfter carefully analyzing the different alternatives, the best course of action is to continue to compete effectively on differentiation based on quality and sustainability given the mounting competitive and sourcing challenges. Even thought Taco Bells new menu seems like a significant threat they are far from creating the same value and repute Chipotle has created since it opened its first restaurant in 1993. Not only does Chipotle pro vide the freshest and best ingredients with a abrupt flavor, they are setting themselves apart from any other restaurant chain and main competitor since they endlessly are working toward better practices.They continue to push to sustainable sourcing like getting their meat miscellanea non Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) while at the same time contributing to the progress of good animal health and fighting against animal abuse. In addition, CMG buys products from local anesthetic farms, builds restaurants to be eco friendly and LEED qualified (leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) while trying to keep the cost and price of other items down. As their value statement proclaims, Food with Integrity is a mission of serving good quality food with inputs sourced using sustainable farming practices.Even thought new threats like Taco Bells Cantina Bell menu are presenting a challenge there will always be competition. CMG upholds pissed beliefs to do what is best for the environment and for its communities in order to provide the best products to its consumers. This is precisely why they have grown so fast from the opening of their first taqueria, to the capital infusion from McDonalds, to its initial Public offering (IPO.) They have been the fastest growing chain in the last decade and just like any fast growing business, regardless of their success, they will reach a slower growth as they approach maturity.There will still be opportunity for expansion. Chipotle is certainly heading toward a different elbow room than their competitors making them stand out and become a lot harder to imitate. This alternative is truly the only rational option for Chipotle as it continues to enforce its philosophy of providing Food with Integrity. There will always be competition between companies and products, however, if Chipotle chooses another route for combating this rivalry with Taco Bell, it would not allow itself to differentiate from them.V. Key Ta keaways forward reading this case, I knew nothing about Chipotle but after reading it I am quite an impressed by the approach CMG has taken choosing to go a different route most companies are afraid of doing because of higher cost prices. I was equally impressed they choose organic products, to buy from local farms, being against massive animal feeding as well as animal cruelty and that they are eco friendly and are looking to bring about all their restaurants like this. Of course, I should also mention that one knows one will be eating the best ingredients and most fresh available foods. I am confident as the values of this company are brought to the attention of more of the public, Chipotle will reach a bigger market share as the public demand will rise. I would also betoken other companies and restaurants will follow similar suit.As mentioned earlier, there will always be competition in business, but a firm must find their differentiation advantage. As individuals become more educated and understand the factor facing the environment people will be willing to make a change and help make a difference.