The Catcher in the Rye

Holden Caulfeild is the main character of J. D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye. Holden is portrayed as a very troubled and alienated young boy. He alienates himself to protect himself from the hurt of losing his brother Allie, the pain of growing up, and the phoniness of the adult world. Holden grieves the loss of his beloved little brother by thinking of everyone else as not good enough. He wants to fit into this new world he’s coming into as he’s growing up, but he can’t find a place for himself.During this book Holden always describes himself as a victim of the world around him. He says to Mr. Spencer in the beginning of the book that he feels trapped on â€Å"the other side† of life. Throughout the book Holden attempts to find his way in a world that he doesn’t feel he belongs in. In chapter nine Holden tells us about some ducks that he sees in the central park lagoon. The ducks are a symbolic part of the story. The pond is a metaphor for Holden’s life and the stage of his life that he is in when this book is written.The pond is â€Å"partly frozen and partly not frozen. † It is in transition between two states, just as Holden is in transition between childhood and adulthood. The deeper into this book we get the more we start to realize that the way Holden alienates himself is just to protect himself. Hilden has been hurt before and he makes that very obvious when he speaks of his brother Allie and his death. I slept in the garage the night he died, and I broke all the goddam windows with my fist, just for the hell of it.I even tried to break all the windows on the station wagon we had that summer, but my hand was already broken and everything by that time, and I couldn’t do it. It was a very stupid thing to do, I’ll admit, but I hardly didn’t even know I was doing it, and you didn’t know Allie. (39) This quote shows us how strongly Holden did care about Allie and what a loss Allie’s death was to his life. Holden tries to pass off his alienation as him thinking he is better than everyone else and is too good to interact with them.An example of this would be when Holden is in the club and he meets three older women. Holden says, â€Å"they didn’t invite me to sit down at their table- mostly because they were too ignorant- but I sat down anyway. †(73) and â€Å"I tried to get them in a little intelligent conversation, but it was practically impossible. You had to twist their arms. You could hardly tell which was the stupidest of the three of them. †(73) These quotes show that Holden thinks of the women as stupid and below him before he even knows them.He assumes people are not as good as he is and that everyone has something wrong with them. But really Holden is the one who has a problem interacting with people. Holden is desperately in need of human contact and love. He needs someone to talk to and be close with, but he de nies himself that. Which might be one of the causes of his depression. Holden also used alienation to protect himself from growing up. Holden is obviously overwhelmed by change. But instead of growing up, Holden criticizes other people for the things that he is guilty of.He rarely ever admits to being wrong or not knowing something. One of the few times where he does admit being wrong is when he speaks of sex and admits, â€Å"sex is something I just don’t understand. I swear to God I don’t†(63) This shows us that Holden isn’t really as grown up and worldly as he would like us to think. Holden puts on an act to make himself seem much older and more experienced than he really is. In most of the book he does a good job of making that image of himself believable, but this is one part where he shows us that he is still a child.Holden also uses alienation to protect himself from the phoniness of the adult world. Holden uses the term â€Å"phony† as a so rt of catch all for all the things he sees in the world that he doesn’t like or doesn’t agree with. An example is when Holden describes childhood as â€Å"innocence, curiosity, and honesty†. While he says that adulthood is â€Å"superficial and phony†. Holden does not want to grow up, which could be a reason he would describe adulthood as being â€Å"phony†. A way that Holden avoids growing up and addressing his problems or flaws is by pointing out the phoniness in the world and in people around him.Holden uses many different things to alienate himself and to keep himself closed off and protected from the world. He alienates himself to avoid growing up and to avoid changing. Holden even talks at the end of the book about opening up to people. He says, â€Å"Don’t ever tell anymore anything. If you do, you’ll start missing everybody†(214) But what Holden does not see that we, as the reader, can, is that Holden’s alienatio n of himself is one of the pain sources of his pain and depression. We can see that if he would only trust in people and open up that he would be happy and wouldn’t feel so alone. The Catcher in the Rye The Catcher in the Rye, by J.D. Salinger, is home to the protagonist Holden Caulfield. There is no coincidence that he holds a striking resemblance to the author of the novel himself. Salinger seemed to have a similar childhood as Holden describes in The Catcher in the Rye. Both men also seemed to have a certain fascination with younger children, especially younger women. J.D. Salinger based one of his most famous characters, Holden Caulfield, on personal experience. Holden's story in The Catcher in the Rye begins with Holden at his school, Pencey Preparatory, which is a boarding school. He was sent there by his parents, who seemed to be withdrawn from his life. Similarly, Salinger's parents sent him to Valley Forge Military School, where he had a neighbor who always seemed to be barging in, showing a resemblance to Ackley. The reader learns that Holden is the son of wealthy parents from New York. It turns out that J.D. Salinger was also born in New York to upper-class parents. It seems as though Holden Caulfield's childhood is an identical match to that of J.D. Salinger's. Salinger had a deep love and fascination with young children, especially young women. In the 1970s, Salinger maintained a close connection with an eighteen year-old girl, Joyce Maynard, who eventually moved in with the author. J.D. Salinger continued to have many relations with younger women, much like this one. His fascination with young women is reflected in Holden, who has a similar mind-set. Even as a seventeen year-old, Holden is infatuated with his perception of Jane Gallagher as a little girl. It is this picture of innocence that Holden is in love with, and not what Jane is like now. The concept of, â€Å"the catcher in the rye,† itself projects his interest in children. He day-dreams about standing at the edge of the rye field catching any children that are too close to the edge of the cliff. Salinger used Holden to vent his love, and passion for children. Holden is almost an identical representation of what J.D. Salinger is truly like. His adoration for young women is shown in Holden's love for Jane, and in the concept of, â€Å"the catcher in the rye.† Both show similarities in their childhoods, from growing up wealthy in New York, to being sent away for school. J.D. Salinger used Holden Caulfield to expose his personal life, and possibly his personal feelings. The Catcher in the Rye Holden Caulfeild is the main character of J. D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye. Holden is portrayed as a very troubled and alienated young boy. He alienates himself to protect himself from the hurt of losing his brother Allie, the pain of growing up, and the phoniness of the adult world. Holden grieves the loss of his beloved little brother by thinking of everyone else as not good enough. He wants to fit into this new world he’s coming into as he’s growing up, but he can’t find a place for himself.During this book Holden always describes himself as a victim of the world around him. He says to Mr. Spencer in the beginning of the book that he feels trapped on â€Å"the other side† of life. Throughout the book Holden attempts to find his way in a world that he doesn’t feel he belongs in. In chapter nine Holden tells us about some ducks that he sees in the central park lagoon. The ducks are a symbolic part of the story. The pond is a metaphor for Holden’s life and the stage of his life that he is in when this book is written.The pond is â€Å"partly frozen and partly not frozen. † It is in transition between two states, just as Holden is in transition between childhood and adulthood. The deeper into this book we get the more we start to realize that the way Holden alienates himself is just to protect himself. Hilden has been hurt before and he makes that very obvious when he speaks of his brother Allie and his death. I slept in the garage the night he died, and I broke all the goddam windows with my fist, just for the hell of it.I even tried to break all the windows on the station wagon we had that summer, but my hand was already broken and everything by that time, and I couldn’t do it. It was a very stupid thing to do, I’ll admit, but I hardly didn’t even know I was doing it, and you didn’t know Allie. (39) This quote shows us how strongly Holden did care about Allie and what a loss Allie’s death was to his life. Holden tries to pass off his alienation as him thinking he is better than everyone else and is too good to interact with them.An example of this would be when Holden is in the club and he meets three older women. Holden says, â€Å"they didn’t invite me to sit down at their table- mostly because they were too ignorant- but I sat down anyway. †(73) and â€Å"I tried to get them in a little intelligent conversation, but it was practically impossible. You had to twist their arms. You could hardly tell which was the stupidest of the three of them. †(73) These quotes show that Holden thinks of the women as stupid and below him before he even knows them.He assumes people are not as good as he is and that everyone has something wrong with them. But really Holden is the one who has a problem interacting with people. Holden is desperately in need of human contact and love. He needs someone to talk to and be close with, but he de nies himself that. Which might be one of the causes of his depression. Holden also used alienation to protect himself from growing up. Holden is obviously overwhelmed by change. But instead of growing up, Holden criticizes other people for the things that he is guilty of.He rarely ever admits to being wrong or not knowing something. One of the few times where he does admit being wrong is when he speaks of sex and admits, â€Å"sex is something I just don’t understand. I swear to God I don’t†(63) This shows us that Holden isn’t really as grown up and worldly as he would like us to think. Holden puts on an act to make himself seem much older and more experienced than he really is. In most of the book he does a good job of making that image of himself believable, but this is one part where he shows us that he is still a child.Holden also uses alienation to protect himself from the phoniness of the adult world. Holden uses the term â€Å"phony† as a so rt of catch all for all the things he sees in the world that he doesn’t like or doesn’t agree with. An example is when Holden describes childhood as â€Å"innocence, curiosity, and honesty†. While he says that adulthood is â€Å"superficial and phony†. Holden does not want to grow up, which could be a reason he would describe adulthood as being â€Å"phony†. A way that Holden avoids growing up and addressing his problems or flaws is by pointing out the phoniness in the world and in people around him.Holden uses many different things to alienate himself and to keep himself closed off and protected from the world. He alienates himself to avoid growing up and to avoid changing. Holden even talks at the end of the book about opening up to people. He says, â€Å"Don’t ever tell anymore anything. If you do, you’ll start missing everybody†(214) But what Holden does not see that we, as the reader, can, is that Holden’s alienatio n of himself is one of the pain sources of his pain and depression. We can see that if he would only trust in people and open up that he would be happy and wouldn’t feel so alone.

Consumerist Society Essay

What are the pros and cons of living in a consumerist society? Our world is one big shop. Everyone run, buy and scream every day for things they don’t even need. People become on big stampede which don’t care about anything else except goods. The most obvious advantage of living in consumerist society is better living standards. Consumers circulate turnover and that is how our standards of living is increasing. Another advantage is that people have wide range of products to select from. Everyone can compare price, size, color and anything thing else they want personally to fit their needs. Another important point is that shopping provides recreational activity for the whole family. They can get to the supermarket and spend there all day in recreational activities and shopping. As for the disadvantages of consumerist society that rich people gets richer and poor – poorer. While rich people enjoy their lives and don’t care about others, poor people get more and more into debt. Greedy employers exploit workers and make a huge profit. An even stronger argument against is that major production and consumption causes a lot of waste and pollution problems. From trash our planet started warming and it caused giant problems all over the world which are bigger than consumption. To sum up, I want to say that consumption is good if the people are not forced to buy what they don’t need. Everyone has a right to choose what they need. People shouldn’t be used as cheap work energy. Machines are created for that.

The Itnerarium Pereginorum et Gesta Regis Ricardis (The Chronicle of Research Paper

The Itnerarium Pereginorum et Gesta Regis Ricardis (The Chronicle of the Third Crusade) - Research Paper Example The paper is also meant to inform the readers of the figures that were behind the crusade and how each of them contributed to the struggle of rescuing and maintaining the ruler-ship of Jerusalem. The genre with which this work is written is kind of a narrative with blends the illustrations and examples that vividly make the reader grasp every element of the author’s thought. The text is elaborate and the evidences given are backed by references from other works thus authenticating it beyond doubts. The text though seems to be biased towards its analysis and projection of the opponent, the Muslim, who is the occupant of Jerusalem. Their leader Saladin is portrayed as a bad person yet to some extent the things that he did were much similar to those that Richard of England did. Richard is defended in the text for his deeds and he is showered with praises all through the text. Firstly, Richard is portrayed as a leader and a warrior who is a schemer with great intelligence. He thin ks ahead of time and he takes due consideration of his subject. During the initial stages of the third crusade, he knew and he had a feeling that it was very possible to conquer Jerusalem, but it needed more than that1. In his wisdom, there was a possibility of the win but maintaining the city after the conquest would pose a great challenge for him. This is because the soldiers and the crusaders would have loved to go back home to their people who had missed them. As the King, he had the authority of forcing the soldiers to take guard of the city but instead, his understanding stood open and in that consideration, he laid further strategies of laying the attack without offending his people both at home and in the battlefield. In the effect of this, Richard upon the in-depth analysis and understanding of the situation. He came to the realization that the dual combination of the Saladin’s powerful control of Egypt and Syria permitted him to in effect take control and surround t he crusaders. Because of his deep concern for others and the loyalty that he enjoyed, he had the stamina of power and humor of love that made him a powerful man in the crusade. He had the audacity to face danger and even in the farce face of defeat, he lost no hope and with resilience, he often snatches victory from the hand of defeat. This made his people believe in him. It is a natural thing that people would always follow the leader who assures them victory even in the face of confusion. His strategies were clear and even when there was uncertainty in the direction to follow, he promised victory by offering clear formula and methods of war and attacks2. Richard is further portrayed to have human attitude. He is empathetic and never had he wanted to put people to death. This is a thought which is quite paradoxical. When he was faced with conflicting situations, he had no choice but to slay a number of people. At the time, he wanted to make advances to the south, he was faced with a situation. He had two options; to set the war prisoners free or to leave a section of his soldiers in the guard or to kill them. As a rational thinker and a competent soldier, leaving a section of his soldier to take captive the prisoners would weaken his force.

Foreign country relating to the world Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Foreign country relating to the world - Essay Example India is one of the few countries which escaped from the damages of current global recession. India has achieved this positions through carefully planned economic and foreign policies. They have adopted a diplomatic approach to most of the problems associated with it in the region and never adopted an aggressive approach even when their sovereignty was in jeopardy. Immediately after getting freedom, India has started conscious efforts to make an international body for the non-aligned countries under the leadership Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru. Former Egyptian President Abdul Nazar and Yugoslav President Tito joined hands with Nehru in the formation of NAM. At the time of cold war both US and USSR tried to gain the support of NAM countries in order to expand their power. Some political analysts believe that India was more aligned towards USSR at the time of cold war, but even then India never given up their commitment towards NAM movement. After the destruction of former Soviet Union, America has started to attract India’s support in international affairs because of India’s growing stature as a world economic power. At present India is maintaining a good relationship with both America and Russia which help them in interfering in international politics effectively. â€Å"The principles of Indias foreign policy have stood the te st of time: a belief in friendly relations with all countries of the world, the resolution of conflicts by peaceful means, the sovereign equality of all states, independence of thought and action as manifested in the principles of Non-alignment, and equity in the conduct of international relations†.   (Indias Foreign Policy - 50 Years of Achievement) â€Å"Indeed, the Independence of India itself played the role of a catalyst in removing the vestiges of colonialism in other parts of the developing world, particularly in Africa† (Indias Foreign Policy - 50 Years of Achievement) India has

Analysis of the Death Penalty and Presidential, Parliamentary Systems Essay

Analysis of the Death Penalty and Presidential, Parliamentary Systems - Essay Example Justices can often state in their decisions what they believe is right or wrong, but this can sometimes be in contradiction to their overall decision. Thus, overall, a Supreme Court decision would offer a verdict and explain that it is valid because it complies with the Constitution and other laws. An editorial would be more rhetorical in nature, as it would not cite the legality of the death penalty as well as its preceding use as evidence supporting its current use, as this would be arguing why the death penalty is Constitutional or not. Instead, the editorial would persuade the reader why the death penalty is or is not necessary, efficient, or of use, regardless of its legal status, and thus the writer would have a goal of being subjective and persuasive rather than objective and decisive. 2. Official agreements between countries tend to closely resemble the structure of a contract. They provide for the conditions of the contract, the duration of the contract, and who is involved. They would also list exceptions and contingencies for violation of the contracts. It would, of course, be written and express, rather than being verbal or implied, so that the relationship and agreement between countries are clearly defined and stated.

Zoology article from NYT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Zoology article from NYT - Essay Example Apparently, they can mate with a second female in case she is a virgin and heavy. Using the Argiope bruennichi species, the study found that 80% of the times, the females were successful in eating their mates after the initial copulation (Bhanoo). During the mating process, the pedipalp that transfers the sperm from the male is broken off while in the female to form a plug. Consequently, this prevents any subsequent fertilization of eggs by other males. The male has two pedipalps, thus can mate twice in their life. If the male does mate with a virgin, he secures all 100% paternity of all their eggs. However, if the female is not a virgin, the spider’s chance at paternity decreases by ninety percent. Additionally, the males can only mate early in the day with the same female. Later on in the day, the male spider seeks to mate with a second spider. This is a compare and contrast paper between a zoology related article from the New York Times and an original scientific article by the scientist Sindya Bhanoo. In the scientific article, Conditional monogyny: female quality predicts male faithfulness, Bhandoo and his colleagues found that this palp removal reduced the weight of the male orb-web spider, and thus, increasing its stamina significantly. This, in turn, enhances the spider’s endurance capacity.

Global Economic Environment and Marketing Essay - 2

Global Economic Environment and Marketing - Essay Example The changes that have taken place in the world economy have led to the replacement of the traditional trade methods by capital movements. It can be observed that the global economy has given the local economies only a subordinate role in the market operations (Kotler et al., 2012). Economic systems have changed from what was traditionally known to new systems, which have taken into consideration the areas that are affected by globalization. The areas considered in modern economic systems include governance in various countries operating in the global market, capital and trade flows, hierarchy of command in terms of transport and communication, services funded through taxes and many others (Masterton &Pickton, 2004).The field of marketing in the global economy has experienced dynamic changes as well. Therefore, companies operating in the global economy should put into consideration these aspects and employ changes that fit the requirement of marketing in the modem global economy. The report will focus on McDonald, which is a multinational corporation operating in the fast food industry and supplying millions of customers across the world. (Solomon, 2009). The Macdonald Company has established its branches in almost all countries of the world. In this regard, the company experiences varied economic challenges and opportunities in different countries. With the current world economic state, the developing countries are struggling to better their economic status (Drummond et al., 2003).. In this case, the McDonald company experiences reduced economic gains in the developing countries compared to the developed nations. Another challenge that faces MacDonald Company in the global economy is the stiff competition in the developed economies. In this regard, it can be witnessed that operating in the international markets requires outstanding skills and knowledge since it involves dealing with high-level risk. Essentially, operating in a

'The Future Of Feminism' Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

'The Future Of Feminism' - Essay Example Review Of 'The Future Of Feminism' The reason that this student fully integrates with the information that Kerbera and DeHart presented is due to the fact that the historical record proves that the level of development and individual freedoms that women were able to enjoy immediately after winning the right to vote, as well as several decades into the future, was not nearly to the range or depth that the original movement had hoped for or anticipated. One of the largest causal factors with relation to this was the fact that the women who were tasked with carrying forward this early gender revolution were necessarily constrained by the mores and norms of the time. Rather than being able to definitively demonstrate a level of freedom and choice, these women were oftentimes unwilling or unready to continue the struggle against the high level of patriarchal society that existed within that time. Moreover, with regards to the idea that many women believed that they were in position to choose freely, the reality of the situ ation was that many of the freedoms that this generation of women believed they could engage with were newly one is still seemingly unbelievable. Accordingly, the desire and need to continue to press the revolution forward and demand equal and greater rights was constrained by a level of satisfaction with regards the sacrifices and victories of the past.In such a way, the statement that Douglass and McCarthy make significantly reinforces the traditional understanding of how gender roles were understood by both groups involved in this process of change, consideration, and resistance to revolution. PART II # 3 One of the most interesting dynamics with regards to the way in which feminism has been understood is with respect to the way in which the woman’s role within the workforce has continually morphed and re-evolved as extant needs within the workforce have been noted. The generation of the flappers saw a situation in which women have the right to vote; however, they were not typically expected nor particularly well represented within the workforce of the time. However, even the very small inclusion of women within the workforce of the 1920s saw a dramatic increase with regards to the workforce of the Depression years. Due to the fact that the Great Depression necessarily constrained the entire economy, it forced every able-bodied individual to do their very best as a means of providing for themselves and their families. Such a reality encourage women to enter into the workforce as a means of providing for themselves and lessening the economic hardships that were very much a reality of that time. However, once the depression years and more or less drawn to a close, women were once again pushed out of labor and encouraged to behave in the way that â€Å"proper women† should behave; tending families and focusing upon child rearing as the main goal and reality of their lives. However, before this particular approach could set in, World War II was so on a reality. As a function of this, all unavailable labor was encouraged into the factories and production plants around the nation. This, perhaps more than any other factor, was one of the defining moments in which women were able to finally break free of many of the gender norms of the era. Due to the fact that the war years lasted for over half a decade, the stereotypes and mores of the era were fundamentally changed and rewritten. Yet, once again, after was complete, and the men had returned home from war, women were expected back into the home and to seek raising families as the ultimate object of their desire. Once again, the â€Å"pawns† of the economy were highlighted. In this way, the need of the current era was the ultimate driving force with regards to how women were viewed in what was considered proper at any given time. PART III #6

International advertising campaign Research Paper - 1

International advertising campaign - Research Paper Example the company has created in the minds of its target clients the idea that the Cisco-offered internet utilities and services are capable of transforming the way individuals work, learn, play and live, and the Cisco Networking Academy (CNA) Program is spearheading this great transforming. Since 1984 when it was founded, the company has overwhelmingly dominated the network equipment world making a number of network administrators to attest to the idea that they never see any burden channeling intensive funds to acquire Cisco products and services. Indeed, the overall cost of Cisco-produced routers and switches surpasses the prices issued by a number of the competitor firms, but this has steel left businesses perceive the Cisco tools as the way to go for safe and efficient network practices. The company has also been credited for producing reliable products that target a wider range of global customers (Wylie 33). As a way to evade the high rates associated with Cisco networking products, some consumers have often tried exploring products from competitor firms, but they have always ended up settling for Cisco tools. The organization also employs a strategic approach to marketing adventures as a way to increase revenue. This has been realized through an active research unit that pursues custom research on the prevailing market trends then uses the findings to advise the company on best approaches to design adverts. Some areas of focus during research adventures include brand positioning, buying behaviors, price elasticity and advertising among others. The organization also uses business intelligence tools like database analysis and reporting tools. These tools provide benefits like offering insights plus directions ahead of market planning and execution and delivering incremental values obtained from data-generated models that are applied to different marketing programs. The company advertises its products through Cisco mConcierge program. At the most basic level, the

Perioperative practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Perioperative practice - Essay Example times the patient is not in a position to take decisions regarding health care for reasons such as being under medication, labor, mental illness, so in that case ‘Consent is not needed when patients are incompetent to give it (young children, unconscious patients, etc (Len Doyal, 1997) Research studies have shown that ‘there might be language/literacy problems in obtaining informed consent.’ (Lloyd, Cathy E. and Johnson, et al., 2008) In such cases, the medical faculty gives a thorough explanation of the best procedures to the patient based on her other health related problems. By informing our patient completely on the nature of all the decisions and procedures, in addition to the alternatives and interventions available, she was in a better position to participate in the decision-making process by weighing the pros and cons and finally giving consent because of the legal and ethical right at her disposal. According to (Campbell, et al., 1998) â€Å"Integrated care pathways are structured multidisciplinary care plans which detail essential steps in the care of patients with a specific clinical problem and describe the expected progress of the patient† Understanding on the part of the patient as well as the doctor about the Care planning pathway, puts them in a better position to make preparations before the actual operation can take place. (Scott I, 1999) explains that integrated care pathways â€Å"are an opportunity to identify good practice, remove bad practice, identify and apply evidence, identify education and training needs and appreciate the skills and contributions of all professionals and care sectors.† This step is very important because it helps the patient to understand all the risks and benefits involved in the process and also the areas of ambiguity. After a clear discussion the physician got the consent of our patient on a written document and explained to her that she was not a mere spectator but played a vital role in the decision making

Cebu Province Division Essay Example for Free

Cebu Province Division Essay Introduction DAMATH, a patent-pending mathematical board-game invented by five-time national awardee Jesus L. Huenda, is coined from the popular Filipino checkerboard game of dama, (or lady in Spanish) and mathematics. It started in a Sorsogon National High School class in Sorsogon, Philippines and its popularity spread quickly and resulted in the first national DAMATH competitions held at Legaspi City in 1980. He initiated this competition with the support of the Science Foundation of the Philippines. He hopes to introduce DAMATH to secondary math teachers as part of a requirement of his work as PASMEP Fellow at Curtin University / WACAE, Western Australia. Thus if this material, or part of it, is used commercially or otherwise (except for classroom instruction purposes), permission must be secured in writing from him. By the way, DAMATH is part of the inventor’s position paper, Non-formal mathematics education: the Sorsogon National High School experience, delivered at the 1978 First Southeast Asian Conference on Mathematical Education, PICC, Manila; 1979 and 1980 MTAP national conventions at Legaspi City and Quezon City, respectively. 1981, 1983 and 1988 Philippine Expositions, PHILTRADE, Manila; conference, Mandurah, WA; Australian Association of Mathematics Teachers 13th biennial national conference, Hobart. Rationale It is becoming a growing classroom practice in many school subjects, including mathematics, to use games to promote the understanding of concepts and skills. This practice is supported by child psychologist Piaget and Inhelder (1969) and Kohlberg (1969) who are convinced that affective, cognitive, and social development strongly influence one another and develop along parallel lines. There are data to support this statement. Thus, the use of socially interactive mathematical games in learning and teaching mathematics is credible. Objectives 1. To integrate the Filipino checkerboard game of dama into the teaching of mathematical concepts and skills. 2. To encourage the utilization of recycled materials in constructing damath board set (for classroom use only). 3. To analyze damath as a possible subject of mathematical investigations. 4. To enhance wholesome interpersonal relations among learners. 5. To promote mathematical consciousness among, family members in particular and the community in general through the mathematics club’s community outreach damath competitions. 6. To promote awareness of girls in mathematics [as king is to the game of chess, so dama (or lady) is to damath ] ES I–Math Biongcog; MT 1 =Lauron; MT 1 =Tubin; HT 3 =Torbeso; MT 1 = Berna MT 2=Gonzaga; T2=Perez 2 Cebu Province Division = Damath Seminar Workshop 1998 10-13-2008 ______________________________________________________________________________ Teacher’s Notes: Any game can be trivial or worthwhile. It all depends on the players of the game and when and why. Feedback from teachers who have tried damath is encouraging because they have found it appropriate, fun, and useful in their classes. All 12 games are to be played in pairs. Students learning mathematics in this way have been found to associate mathematics with wholesome and purposeful work. These games may introduce, supplement, reinforce or refresh concepts, skills and attitudes. To get the most out of damath, read the accompanying guide sheet and list of materials needed. Determine what extra work can be assigned to pairs of students who will carry out the activity. As a follow-up activity, some mathematical investigations concerning damath may be assigned to small groups of students, or mathematics club may conduct community-outreach damath competitions highlighting awareness of girls in mathematics. In doing so, observe student’s performance and reactions and record them in a cognitive skill checklist and attitude respectively. This, together with your assessment, will provide you with significant data for future reference. The inventor welcome suggestions from teachers in the field by sending it to: Jesus L. Huenda, Curriculum Development Division, Bureau of Secondary Education, Department of Education, Culture and Sports, Palacio del Governador, Intramuros, Manila. Suggestions and input can be mailed to him using the following form: (See next page). TO THE STUDENTS In DAMATH, there are 12 games to play. All of these games are original especially designed for you to make you do and play mathematics, have fun with it in thinking, making a game plan, and using your common sense, honesty and fair play. Do them and learn mathematics. Do them and enjoy yourself, too. ES I–Math Biongcog; MT 1 =Lauron; MT 1 =Tubin; HT 3 =Torbeso; MT 1 = Berna MT 2=Gonzaga; T2=Perez 3 Cebu Province Division = Damath Seminar Workshop 1998 10-13-2008 ______________________________________________________________________________ Name of the game: ___________________________ School:____________________________ Sender’s Name (Optional):_____________________ Address:___________________________ What I like in the game Areas for improvement Guide Sheet Title Damath the Teeny Integer Countess Damath Damath-in-a-Whole Damath Over U Busy Deci Damath Damath the Old Prime Madonna Damath the Fibo Nutty Lady Byte-a-Damath Damath a la Mod Trig-a-Damath Sci-No-Damath Log-a-Damath Concept Integers Counting numbers Whole numbers Fractions decimals Prime numbers Fibonacci sequence Binary numbers Modulo 12 Trigonometric Functions Scientific Notation Logarithmic function Place in the Curriculum Review activity for Units 3 – 8 List of Materials Damath board set (See attachment A) Enrichment activity for Units 3 – 8 Enrichment activity for Unit 2 Introductory activity for Unit 5 Enrichment activity for Unit 6 ES I–Math Biongcog; MT 1 =Lauron; MT 1 =Tubin; HT 3 =Torbeso; MT 1 = Berna MT 2=Gonzaga; T2=Perez 4 Cebu Province Division = Damath Seminar Workshop 1998 10-13-2008 ______________________________________________________________________________ DAMATH: 12 games for High School Mathematics Contents Of This Package †¢ Activity sheets for students for each of the following titles: Activity Activity Activity Activity Activity Activity Activity Activity Activity Activity Activity Activity †¢ Teacher’ Manual 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. Damath the Teeny Integer Countess Damath Damath-in-a-Whole Damath Over U Busy Deci Damath Damath the Odd Prime Madonna Damath the Fibo Nutty Lady Byte-a-Damath Damath a la Mod Trig-a-Damath Sci-no-Damath Log-a-Damath Rules: How to S T A R T 24 chips should be placed first on the following squares on the DAMATH board Biongcog; MT 1 =Lauron; MT 1 =Tubin; HT 3 =Torbeso; MT 1 = Berna MT 2=Gonzaga; T2=Perez 5 Cebu Province Division = Damath Seminar Workshop 1998 10-13-2008 ______________________________________________________________________________ How to make a move 1. Toss a coin to decide who moves first. 2. The first player moves a piece by sliding diagonally forward to an adjoining vacant square (no chip is to be placed on colored squares). Record your move in the scoresheet. Example: Red player moves â€Å"-1† to an adjoining vacant square ( 5 , 4 ), thus, to the scoresheet the player writes on the first column under the heading â€Å"Move† with [-1 (5,4) ] to mean â€Å"-1† goes to a square located 5 on its x-axis and 4 on its y-axis. 3. The two players alternately take turn in moving a piece. How to take a piece (Ka-on) 1. In the example above, Red player with piece â€Å"-1† is required (pass is not allowed) to take a piece â€Å"2† of Blue side by jumping over the piece to be taken and landing on the latter’s adjoining vacant square, which, also, determine the symbol of operation to be used. Example: â€Å"-1† takes â€Å"2† by jumping over it (player gets the piece â€Å"2†) and finally lands on a square (7,2) which has minus sign on it. Thus, on the scoresheet, the player writes on the first column with â€Å"-1 – 2†. Moreover, on the second column under the heading â€Å"Score†, the player writes the answer as â€Å"-3†. While on the third column under the heading â€Å"Total Score†, the player writes the total score by adding whatever points in it, thus, â€Å"-3†. Round off numbers, if necessary. 2. A player can take one chip or more than one chip with the required option to take the greater number of chips. 3. A Red chip is declared as â€Å"dama† if it reaches any of the following squares: ( 1, 0 ) (3,0) (5,0) (7,0) Similarly, for Blue Chip as follows: ( 0, 7 ) (2,7) (4,7) (6,7) 4. Once a piece is declared as â€Å"dama† it could slide diagonally forward or backward in any vacant square provided no opposing piece blocks it. It could take a piece or pieces and have the privilege of doubling its scores. 5. The game is ended it (a.) a player has no more piece to move; or, (b.) it is impossible for any or both players to go on because of repeated move. ES I–Math Biongcog; MT 1 =Lauron; MT 1 =Tubin; HT 3 =Torbeso; MT 1 = Berna MT 2=Gonzaga; T2=Perez 6 Cebu Province Division = Damath Seminar Workshop 1998 10-13-2008 ______________________________________________________________________________ In (a) or (b), the remaining piece or pieces are added to the total score. Finally, the player with the greater accumulated total, wins the game. How to score Shown below is a Damath Scoresheet. Initial entries on it were taken from the above examples of player’s move and in taking piece or pieces. DAMATH SCORESHEET Red Player Move -1 (5,4) -1 2 Score -3 Total 2 -3 Player Move (9,3) Score Total Blue Player’s Signature: Player’s Signature: Signature of Teacher / Parent: Signature of Teacher / Parent: Win Loss Win Loss ES I–Math Biongcog; MT 1 =Lauron; MT 1 =Tubin; HT 3 =Torbeso; MT 1 = Berna MT 2=Gonzaga; T2=Perez 7 Cebu Province Division = Damath Seminar Workshop 1998 10-13-2008 ______________________________________________________________________________ Activity 1: DAMATH the Teeny Integer A game for two players. What you need * †¢ DAMATH board ( 8 squares by 8 squares ) 24 chips in two colors: ( 12 of each color, thus, 0, -1, 2, -3, 4, -5, 6, -7, 8, -9, 10, -11 ) For illustration, see attachment A of this Package. What it is about It is a game of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of integers, rounding off numbers, and point plotting. Aim of the Game The player with the most points wins. ES I–Math Biongcog; MT 1 =Lauron; MT 1 =Tubin; HT 3 =Torbeso; MT 1 = Berna MT 2=Gonzaga; T2=Perez 8 Cebu Province Division = Damath Seminar Workshop 1998 10-13-2008 ______________________________________________________________________________ Activity 2: Countess DAMATH A game for two players. What you need Same materials as in Activity 1, but on the reverse side of chip no. â€Å"0† write chip no. â€Å"12†. What it is about It is a game of adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing counting numbers; rounding off numbers, and point plotting. Aim of the Game The player with the most points wins. ES I–Math Biongcog; MT 1 =Lauron; MT 1 =Tubin; HT 3 =Torbeso; MT 1 = Berna MT 2=Gonzaga; T2=Perez 9 Cebu Province Division = Damath Seminar Workshop 1998 10-13-2008 ______________________________________________________________________________ Rules Same rules as in Activity 1,but the â€Å"0† chip is replaced by â€Å"12† [ â€Å"12† is on the reverse side of â€Å"0† chip]; and, negative signs have to be disregarded. Thus, initial positions of the chips are as follows: Chip Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Position of Blue Chip (1,2) (3,2) (5,2) (7,2) (0,1) (2,1) (4,1) (6,1) (1,0) (3,0) (5,0) (7,0) Position of Red Chip (6,5) (4,5) (2,5) (0,5) (7,6) (5,6) (3,6) (1,6) (6,7) (4,7) (2,7) (0,7) In taking a chip or chips, addition, subtraction multiplication, and division of counting numbers are used. Round off numbers, if necessary, in making entries on the scoresheet. ES I–Math Biongcog; MT 1 =Lauron; MT 1 =Tubin; HT 3 =Torbeso; MT 1 = Berna MT 2=Gonzaga; T2=Perez 10 Cebu Province Division = Damath Seminar Workshop 1998 10-13-2008 ______________________________________________________________________________ Activity 3: DAMATH – in – a Whole A game for two players. What you need Same materials as in Activity 1 What it is about It is a game of adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing Whole numbers ; rounding off numbers, and point plotting. Aim of the Game The player with the most points wins. ES I–Math Biongcog; MT 1 =Lauron; MT 1 =Tubin; HT 3 =Torbeso; MT 1 = Berna MT 2=Gonzaga; T2=Perez 11 Cebu Province Division = Damath Seminar Workshop 1998 10-13-2008 _____________________________________________________________________________ _ Rules Same rules as in Activity 2, but the â€Å"12† chip is replaced by â€Å"0† [ â€Å"0† is on the reverse side of â€Å"12† chip]; and, negative signs have to be disregarded. Thus, initial positions of the chips are as follows: Chip Number 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Position of Blue Chip (1,2) (3,2) (5,2) (7,2) (0,1) (2,1) (4,1) (6,1) (1,0) (3,0) (5,0) (7,0) Position of Red Chip (6,5) (4,5) (2,5) (0,5) (7,6) (5,6) (3,6) (1,6) (6,7) (4,7) (2,7) (0,7) In taking a chip or chips, addition, subtraction multiplication, and division of whole numbers are used. Round off numbers, if necessary, in making entries on the Scoresheet. ES I–Math Biongcog; MT 1 =Lauron; MT 1 =Tubin; HT 3 =Torbeso; MT 1 = Berna MT 2=Gonzaga; T2=Perez 12 Cebu Province Division = Damath Seminar Workshop 1998 10-13-2008 ______________________________________________________________________________ Activity 4: DAMATH Over U A game for two players. What you need Same materials as in Activity 1, but the positive and negative numbers should have â€Å"10† as denominator (use reverse side of chips). What it is about It is a game of adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing fractions; and point plotting. Aim of the Game The player with the most points wins. Rules Same rule as in Activity1, but adding, Subtracting, multiplying and dividing fractions are used, thus, all entries on the Scoresheet are fractions. ES I–Math Biongcog; MT 1 =Lauron; MT 1 =Tubin; HT 3 =Torbeso; MT 1 = Berna MT 2=Gonzaga; T2=Perez 13 Cebu Province Division = Damath Seminar Workshop 1998 10-13-2008 ______________________________________________________________________________ Activity 5: Busy Deci DAMATH A game for two players. What you need Same materials as in Activity 4, but decimal equivalent should take the place of fractions. What it is about It is a game of adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing decimals; and point plotting. Aim of the Game The player with the most points wins. Rules Same rule as in Activity 4, but instead of fractions, the decimal equivalents are added, subtracted, multiplied, and divided. In taking a chip or chips, results of mathematical operations are rounded off to the nearest hundredths. ES I–Math Biongcog; MT 1 =Lauron; MT 1 =Tubin; HT 3 =Torbeso; MT 1 = Berna MT 2=Gonzaga; T2=Perez 14 Cebu Province Division = Damath Seminar Workshop 1998 10-13-2008 ______________________________________________________________________________ Activity 6: DAMATH the Odd Prime Madonna A game for two players. What you need Same materials as in Activity 1 What it is about It is a game of prime numbers; integers; squaring numbers; rounding off numbers; and point plotting. Aim of the Game The player with the most points wins. Rules Same rule as in Activity 1, but in taking a chip or chips the results of algebraic operations are squared if it is an odd prime number. ES I–Math Biongcog; MT 1 =Lauron; MT 1 =Tubin; HT 3 =Torbeso; MT 1 = Berna MT 2=Gonzaga; T2=Perez 15 Cebu Province Division = Damath Seminar Workshop 1998 10-13-2008 ______________________________________________________________________________ Activity 7: DAMATH the Fibo Nutty Lady A game for two players. What you need Same materials as in Activity 2 What it is about It is a game using the Fibonacci sequence; counting numbers; Cubing numbers; rounding off numbers; and point plotting. Aim of the Game The player with the most points wins. Rules Same rule as in Activity 2, but in taking a chip or chips the results of mathematical operations are cubed if it is a Fibonacci number. ES I–Math Biongcog; MT 1 =Lauron; MT 1 =Tubin; HT 3 =Torbeso; MT 1 = Berna MT 2=Gonzaga; T2=Perez 16 Cebu Province Division = Damath Seminar Workshop 1998 10-13-2008 ______________________________________________________________________________ Activity A game for two players. 8: Byte – a DAMATH What you need Same materials as in Activity 3, but even numbers are to be considered as â€Å"0†, while odd numbers as â€Å"1†. What it is about It is a game of adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing binary numbers; and point plotting Aim of the Game The player with the most points wins. Rules Same rule as in Activity 3, but in taking a piece or pieces binary arithmetic is used. Thus, initial positions of blue and red chips are as follow: Chips 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 Position of Blue Chip Position of Red Chip (1,2) (6,5) (3,2) (4,5) (5,2) (2,5) (7,2) (0,5) (0,1) (7,6) (2,1) (5,6) (4,1) ( 3 , 6) (6,1) (1,6) (1,0) (6,7) (3,0) (4,7) (5,0) (2,7) (7,0) (0,7) ES I–Math Biongcog; MT 1 =Lauron; MT 1 =Tubin; HT 3 =Torbeso; MT 1 = Berna MT 2=Gonzaga; T2=Perez 17 Cebu Province Division = Damath Seminar Workshop 1998 10-13-2008 ______________________________________________________________________________ Activity A game for two players. 9: DAMATH a la Mod What you need Same materials as in Activity 3 What it is about It is a game of addition, subtraction, multiplication and Division in module 12; and point plotting. Aim of the Game The player with the most points wins. Rules Same rule as in Activity 3, but in taking a piece or pieces binary arithmetic is used. Thus, initial positions of blue and red chips are as follow: Chips 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Position of Blue Chip Position of Red Chip (1,2) (6,5) (3,2) (4,5) (5,2) (2,5) (7,2) (0,5) (0,1) (7,6) (2,1) (5,6) (4,1) ( 3 , 6) (6,1) (1,6) (1,0) (6,7) (3,0) (4,7) (5,0) (2,7) (7,0) (0,7) ES I–Math Biongcog; MT 1 =Lauron; MT 1 =Tubin; HT 3 =Torbeso; MT 1 = Berna MT 2=Gonzaga; T2=Perez 18 Cebu Province Division = Damath Seminar Workshop 1998 10-13-2008 ______________________________________________________________________________ Activity A game for two players. 10 : Trig – a DAMATH What you need Same materials as in Activity 1, but the following integers should have the Corresponding trigonometric functions by changing them to degrees: Chips in degrees -1 and 10 -3 and 8 -5 and 6 -7 and 4 -9 and 2 11 and 0 Trigonometric Functions Sin Cos Tan Cot Sec Csc What it is about It is a game using trigonometric functions; trigonometric identities; changing degrees to radians and vice – versa; and point plotting. Aim of the Game The player with the most points wins. Rules Same rule as in Activity 1, but in taking a piece or pieces (this time, integers are expressed in degrees) trigonometric functions and identities are used. Thus, initial positions of blue and red chips are as follow: Chips in degrees Position of Blue Chip Position of Red Chip Csc 0 (5,2) (2,5) Sin –1 (3,2) (4,5) Sec 2 (7,2) (0,5) Cos -3 (1,2) (6,5) Cot 4 (4,1) (3,6) Tan –5 (2,1) (5,6) Tan 6 (6,1) ( 1 , 6) Cot –7 (0,1) (7,6) Cos 8 (5,0) (2,7) Sec –9 (3,0) (4,7) Sin 10 (7,0) (0,7) Csc -11 (1,0) (6,7) ES I–Math Biongcog; MT 1 =Lauron; MT 1 =Tubin; HT 3 =Torbeso; MT 1 = Berna MT 2=Gonzaga; T2=Perez 19 Cebu Province Division = Damath Seminar Workshop 1998 10-13-2008 ______________________________________________________________________________ Activity A game for two players. 11 : Sci – no DAMATH What you need Same materials as in Activity 2, but the integers are raised to their corresponding Powers as follows. Chips 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Expressed in Scientific Notation 1.1 x 10-1 2.2 x 10 2 3.3 x 10-3 4.4 x 10 4 5.5 x 10-5 6.6 x 10 6 7.7 x 10-7 8.8 x 10 8 9.9 x 10-9 1.01 x 10 10 1.11 x 10-11 1.212 x 10 12 What it is a bout It is a game of adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing numbers in scientific notation; and point plotting. Aim of the Game The player with the most points wins. Rules Same rule as in Activity 2, but addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of numbers in scientific notation are used; thus, entries on the Scoresheet should be numbers expressed in scientific notation. ES I–Math Biongcog; MT 1 =Lauron; MT 1 =Tubin; HT 3 =Torbeso; MT 1 = Berna MT 2=Gonzaga; T2=Perez 20 Cebu Province Division = Damath Seminar Workshop 1998 10-13-2008 ______________________________________________________________________________ Activity 12 : Log – a DAMATH A game for two players. What you need Same materials as in Activity 11 (common logarithm) or as in Activity 10 ( for logarithms and trigonometric function), as the case maybe, depending player’s agreement. What it is about It is a game of common logarithms; logarithms of trigonometric functions; and point plotting. Aim of the Game Same as in Activity 11 or Activity 10, as the case maybe. Rules Same rules as in Activity 11 or Activity 10, as the case maybe, depending on the player’s agreement, but common logarithms and logarithms of trigonometric functions are used, respectively. Thus, entries on the Scoresheet should have common logarithms or logarithms of trigonometric functions, as the case maybe/ ES I–Math Biongcog; MT 1 =Lauron; MT 1 =Tubin; HT 3 =Torbeso; MT 1 = Berna MT 2=Gonzaga; T2=Perez 21 Cebu Province Division = Damath Seminar Workshop 1998 10-13-2008 ______________________________________________________________________________ A. GAMES FOR DAMATHS COMPETITIONS: Levels Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 Level 6 Level 7 Grades Grades I – II Grades III – IV Grades V – VI First Year Second Year Third Year Fourth Year Contents Counting Numbers Whole Numbers Positive Fractions Integers Signed Fractions Radical Damath Polynomial Damath B. POSITIONS OF CHIPS: ( Elementary Level ) Level 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 CHIP NUMBERS I Level II Level III 0 1/10 1 2/10 2 3/10 3 4/10 4 5/10 5 6/10 6 7/10 7 8/10 8 9/10 9 10/10 10 11/10 11 12/10 BLUE CHIPS (1,2) (3,2) (5,2) (7,2) (0,1) (2,1) (4,1) (6,1) (1,0) (3,0) (5,0) (7,0) RED CHIPS (6,5) (4,5) (2,5) (0,5) (7,6) (5,6) (3,6) (1,6) (6,7) (4,7) (2,7) (0,7) POSITIONS OF CHIPS: ( Secondary Level ) CHIP 1st Year 0 -1 2 -3 4 -5 6 -7 8 -9 10 -11 2nd Year 0/10 -1/10 2/10 -3/10 4/10 -5/10 6/10 -7/10 8/10 -9/10 10/10 -11/10 NUMBERS 3rd Year 4√18 -√8 16√32 -9√2 36√32 -25√18 64√2 -49√8 100√2 -81√32 144√8 -121√18 4th Year 6x -xy2 10y -3x2y 28y -15x 36x2y -21xy2 66x2y -45y 78xy2 -55x For 4th Year Only, Blue Red Chips BLUE CHIPS (5,2) (3,2) (7,2) (1,2) (4,1) (2,1) (6,1) (0,1) (5,0) (3,0) (7,0) (1,0) RED CHIPS (2,5) (4,5) (0,5) (6,5) (3,6) (5,6) (1,6) (7,6) (2,7) (4,7) (0,7) (6,7) ES I–Math Biongcog; MT 1 =Lauron; MT 1 =Tubin; HT 3 =Torbeso; MT 1 = Berna MT 2=Gonzaga; T2=Perez 22 Cebu Province Division = Damath Seminar Workshop 1998 10-13-2008 ______________________________________________________________________________ POSITIONS OF CHIPS: ( Secondary Level ) Level 4 CHIP Level 5 NUMBERS Level VI Level VII -1 1.1 X 10 0 2 2.2 X 10 1 3.3 X 10-3 2 4 4.4 X 10 3 5.5 X 10-5 4 6 6.6 X 10 5 7.7 X 10-7 6 8 8.8 X 10 7 -9 9.9 X 10 8 1.01 X 10 10 9 -11 1.111 X 10 10 1.212 X 10 12 11 BLUE CHIPS (1,2) (3,2) (5,2) (7,2) (0,1) (2,1) (4,1) (6,1) (1,0) (3,0) (5,0) (7,0) RED CHIPS (6,5) (4,5) (2,5) (0,5) (7,6) (5,6) (3,6) (1,6) (6,7) (4,7) (2,7) (0,7) General Guidelines on DAMATHS Century Match 1. First player is determined by drawing lots. 2. Basically the rule in playing dama shall be used as follows: a. A â€Å"chip with numeral† moves diagonally forward to an adjoining vacant square. b. A chip takes an opponent’s chip or chips diagonally forward or backward. Mathematical operation such as addition subtraction, multiplication, or division of numerals shall be used depending on the vacant square’s operation symbol where the â€Å"taker† chip lands by jumping over the â€Å"taken† chip, â€Å"pass† is not allowed. c. On taking a chip or chips the following policy shall prevail: * â€Å"mayor dalawa† * â€Å"mayor tatlo† * â€Å"mayor dama† * â€Å"mayor dama dalawa† (x) takes 0 VS (x) takes 0 VS (x) takes 0 VS (dama) takes 0 (y) takes 1, takes 2 (y) takes 1, takes 2, and takes 3 (dama) takes 1 VS (x) takes 1, takes 2 over mayor dama. d. A player’s chip is declared as â€Å"dama† if it reaches the other player’s designated â€Å"dama† locations or squares. A dama chip can move or take a piece to any unoccupied square along the diagonal path. Moreover, when a â€Å"dama† takes a chip the score is doubled; when the â€Å"dama† is taken the score is also doubled; when a â€Å"dama† takes another â€Å"dama† the score is quadrupled. e. In taking more than one chip, the â€Å"taker† chip shall remain as the initial addend, minuend, multiplicand, or dividend as the case maybe. (This means that MDAS for multiple operations shall not apply in this case). f. A â€Å"move† is good only for one (1) minute, while the game’s duration shall not exceed 20 minutes. g. The remaining chips shall be added to the respective players. h. The game ends when any one of the following situations occur: ES I–Math Biongcog; MT 1 =Lauron; MT 1 =Tubin; HT 3 =Torbeso; MT 1 = Berna MT 2=Gonzaga; T2=Perez 23 Cebu Province Division = Damath Seminar Workshop 1998 10-13-2008 ______________________________________________________________________________ 1.) a player has no more chip to move 2.) 20-minute game duration had elapsed 3.) repetitive â€Å"moves† of any or both players. i. The player having the greater â€Å"total score† wins the game. In case of a â€Å"tie†, a 10-minute rematch follows thereafter untill a winner is declared. j. No player is allowed to compete in a level lower than the one specified for his grade level. k. In playing, the â€Å"TOUCH-MOVE SYSTEM† is used. Once a player â€Å"touches† a chip, it is imperative that he uses that chip for that particular move. l. A move is considered final once a player releases the chip, and he cannot change his move after he has released the chip. m. The use of calculator is recommended. n. All players in each level are ranked according to their respective number of games won to determine the winners. In case of a â€Å"triple tie†, the â€Å"the point-system† is used. Guidelines for Electrodamaths 1. ElectroDamaths is similar to Damath the whole numbers with certain variations as follows: a.) Odd numbers expressed in KWH b.) Even numbers expressed in Pesos, except ( 0 ) zero. 2. Sample in scoring: Chips + like Units + like Units + unlike Units like Units like Units unlike Units à · like Units à · like Units à · unlike Units Ãâ€" like Units Ãâ€" like Units Ãâ€" unlike Units Plus the remaining chips Move KWH 8 NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS 18 NS 3 kwh + 5kwh P 2 + P 10 7 kwh + P 4 5 kwh – 9 kwh P6-P0 7 kwh P 4 3 kwh à · 5kwh P6à ·P2 7 kwh à · P 4 3 kwh Ãâ€" 5kwh P 2 Ãâ€" P 10 7 kwh Ãâ€" P 4 7 kwh + 11kwh P4+P8 Score fca in Pesos NS 12 NS NS 6 NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS 12 26 kwh Ãâ€" P4/kwh = Total Score KWH fca in Pesos 8 12 8 12 8 12 8 18 8 18 8 18 8 18 8 18 8 18 8 18 8 18 26 26 18 30 Total kwh Ãâ€" prevailing rate at the venue TOTAL ELECTRIC CONSUMPTION

Rights Contained in the U.S. Bill of Rights Essay Example for Free

Rights Contained in the U.S. Bill of Rights Essay Through the years, the Bill of Rights of the United States has stood as the embodiment of the fundamental rights and privileges of the American public — that is, for both people and important aspects of the society. As such, it is truly crucial to uphold and adhere to the said rights in the U. S. Constitution at all times. In fact, the Supreme Courts uses such foundation to implement justice and protect people from possible violations. Thus, it is through a clear identification and execution as well as appropriate description by the Supreme Court that the nation and its citizens realize the purpose and essence of the Bill of Rights. Bill of Rights: Constitution’s First Ten Amendments Mount, as the author of the online source USConstitution. net, offers an insightful outline and even relevant notes concerning the rights contained in the Bill of Rights. It is worthy to outline the Bill of Rights according to the presentation of Mount or the USConstitution. net, which states that the rights included in the Bill of Rights (the common term for the collection of the first ten amendments) are as follows: Amendment 1 Freedom of Religion, Press. Amendment 2 Right to Bear Arms. Amendment 3 Quartering of Soldiers. Amendment 4 Search and Seizures. Amendment 5 Trial and Punishment, Compensation for Takings. Amendment 6 Right to Speedy Trial, Confrontation of Witnesses. Amendment 7 Trial by Jury in Civil Case. Amendment 8 Cruel and Unusual Punishment. Amendment 9 Construction of Constitution. Amendment 10 Powers of the States and People. (2) To better understand and eventually realize the value of the Bill of Rights, Mount further explains that its initial non-inclusion in the Constitutional Convention indicates inappropriateness (1). This is because the Bill of Rights, particularly the first ten Amendments, comprises the basic rights and privileges of people and the components of the society (Mount 1). Simply put, a Constitution without a Bill of Rights can be considered as unworthy. Hence, realizing the need to clearly identify the rights and privileges which protect the public’s interests, the Bill of Rights is a part of the Constitution that must not be neglected or should not cease to exist (Mount 1). The author however clarifies that the need to respect the Bill of Rights coincides with the requirement to amend the said ten rights in order to avoid misinterpretation and incorrect application of the measure. Thus, the condition of changing the ten most important provisions is necessary that leads us now to the existence of the Bill of Rights (Mount 1). Mount then reveals that the previous efforts made by Representative James Madison were the crucial point in the realization of the Bill of Rights. It was through such event that a clear identification of what rights should come from which Amendment was carried out. The ratification of the Bill of Rights collectively known as the initial ten Amendments on December 15, 1791 (Mount 1) paved the way for the protection of people’s rights and privileges. While there are explicit descriptions and explanations on the Bill of Rights, the above-cited outline summarizes its essence in terms of the protection, freedom, and privileges of the American people. Supreme Court’s Definition Over the years, the Supreme Courts has defined the Bill of Rights as the innate rights of the people which must always be followed and preserved. This is because the nature or characteristic of the Bill of Rights poses a great significance to the lives and interests of the people and society. It is precisely the Supreme Court which supports the Bill of Rights nowadays. In a breakthrough decision, the Supreme Courts defines the Bill of Rights as fundamental forms of liberty among people. The Supreme Court has specifically decided that â€Å"After carefully considering the relevance of the 10 inviolable rights that comprise the ideological foundation on which our nation is built, the court finds that these basic freedoms remain important for the time being, and should not be overturned† (â€Å"Supreme Court Upholds Bill of Rights in 5-4 Decision† 1). Conclusion In summary, the Bill of Rights significantly outlines a person’s rights and privileges, protects one’s freedom, and signifies the condition to be empowered. While it is always emphasized that responsibility comes in every right, it is definitely highly important to observe the Bill of Rights at all times. Ultimately, it is necessary for the components of the country such as the U. S. Supreme Court to interpret the Bill of Rights as a valuable measure aimed at providing people with justice and acknowledging their rights to humane existence. Works Cited Mount, Steve. â€Å"The United States Constitution. † U. S. Constitution Online. 6 Feb. 2009. 16 July 2009. http://www. usconstitution. net/const. html#Amends. â€Å"Supreme Court Upholds Bill of Rights in 5-4 Decision. † The Onion. 14 Nov. 2008. 16 July 2009. http://www. theonion. com/content/news_briefs/supreme_court_upholds_bill

Government Response to Hurricane Katrina

Government Response to Hurricane Katrina National strategy for homeland security requires collaborative efforts by both the National Incident Management Systems (NIMS) and National Response Framework (NRF) to prepare for and provide a unified national response to disasters. Effective incident management of catastrophic events requires coordination of relevant stakeholders. Both the NIMS and NRP, the Federal and State agencies have responsibility for addressing any disaster and emergencies through pooling resources together. However, the framework faces myriad of challenges including meagre resources and malfunctioning local governments. These challenges effective response to disasters such as Katrina (Walsh, Christen Jr, Lord, Miller, 2011). Impacts of the changes on the programs in response to Katrina. The changes are necessary in providing guidelines on the response by the both the State and Federal governments in the event on major disasters such as Katrina. NIMS provides proactive approach for the response team in preparation, prevention and mitigation of the effects of Katrina. On the other hand, NRF details national disaster response principle, responsibilities and structures which lead to a coordinated response to disaster. Therefore, these changes make response to disasters more efficient and effective (Walsh, Christen Jr, Lord, Miller, 2011). Necessities of changing in the existing National Response Plan (NRP) to the current National Response Framework(NRF). Unlike NRP, the NRF puts in place a single, robust approach to domestic disaster management. NRF outlines effective ways of preventing, preparing for, response to Hurricane Katrina when it occurs in any state especially in the vulnerable areas. Moreover, NRF is an all-hazards plan within the framework of National Incident Management System (NIMS). Nevertheless, establishment of NRF was mandated by the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to integrates the National Contingency Plan (NCP) and other national-level contingency plans in responding to Hurricane Katrina. Therefore, it establishes the structure and mechanisms for national-level policy and operational direction for domestic disaster management (Wise, 2006). Response to hurricane Katrina dictated by the todays NRF and NIMS. The all-hazards approach is cost effective due coordination among organizations involved in the four parts of emergency management: mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery in achieving common goal, that is, Hurricane Katrina. The response allows sharing of costs by the organizations involved thus reducing the cost borne by each state in mounting response to Hurricane Katrina (Walsh, Christen Jr, Lord, Miller, 2011). Emergency management at the local level and implementation of the NRF in response to Katrina. Local jurisdictions are responsible for ensuring the public safety and welfare of their residents during emergencies by mobilizing resources for the same. The NRF implementation does not therefore, usurps state responsibility and jurisdiction when responding to a disaster but provide framework for such response (Walsh, Christen Jr, Lord, Miller, 2011). It is therefore, imperative to note that National strategy for homeland security requires collaborative efforts by both the National Management Systems and National Response Framework (NRF) to prepare for and provide a unified national response to disasters. The all-hazards approach is cost effective and efficient in emergency response during Hurricane Katrina (Wise, 2006). References Walsh, D., Christen Jr, T. H., Lord, G., Miller, G. (2011). National incident management system: Principles and practice. . New York: Jones Bartlett Publishers. Wise, R. C. (2006). Organizing for homeland security after Katrina: Is adaptive management whats missing? Public Administration Review, 66(3), 302-318.

Book Report On Rebecca Essay -- essays research papers

NOVEL STUDY Section A - Background Information 1) In 1907, a popular writer named Daphne Du Maurier was born. She wrote her first novel, Loving Spirit, in 1931. Other novels that Du Maurier wrote were Rule Britannia, My Cousin Rachel, The King’s General. The Scapegoat, Jamaican Inn and many more. Margaret Forester held high praises for Du Maurier. Forester had said, "No other popular writer {Du Maurier} has so triumphantly defied classification†¦ She satisfied all t questionable criteria of popular fiction, and yet satisfied too, the exact requirements of "real literature", something very few novelist do." Daphne Du Maurier died in 1985, at the age of 82. Her novel Rebecca is now considered to be a modern classic. 2) I chose this novel because I had heard wonderful things about it. Someone recommended this novel to me and when I read the back, I could not help myself. The summary on the back made the novel seem so intriguing. The cover design caused a mysterious affect. On the cover is a single house. The sky is very dark and gloomy, but then lightens up near the back of the house. The lonesome houses and dark sky made me wonder about all the mysteries and secrets that waited to be unlocked. The title Rebecca is also quite mysterious because the title is a single word. In no way does it make reference to what may happen. The novel makes me think that I should "expect the unexpected" Section B - Setting and Plot 1) The setting of Rebecca takes place in Maxims ancient family home. This enormous mansion was called Manderely. Manderely was very well known throughout most of Europe, which was where the novel takes place. The author doesn’t specify where in Europe Rebecca takes place. Du Maurier stated that Manderely was driving distance from London, England. Manderely was far away from town. The mansion had beautiful gardens all around it. There were pathways through the forest that lead to Manderely’s private beach. There were iron gates that opened up to the long twisted driveway. The beginning of the driveway was surrounded by tress and shrubs. Then the shrubs disappeared to reveal blood red rhododendrons, that East wing and a West wing. The east wing had a morning room, which was where the characters sat after breakfast, an ante room, a library and a large double bedroom. The double bedroom overlooked Manderely’s beautif... ...ted the real name of Mrs. de Winter. Also, the author rambled sometimes. I felt the novel dragged on and it was longer that it needed to be. Some of the author’s descriptions were too long and pointless. I would recommend this novel to anyone because it is very well written. Out of ten, I’d give Rebecca nine. Section H - Compare with Movie There was a movie version of Rebecca. I found the movie to be quite similar but there were some parts that were different. For example, the part of the dress ball was very different. In the novel, Mrs. de Winter had a dress made not realizing it was the same one Rebecca wore. When Maxim sent her upstairs to change. Maxim’s sister comforted her. However, in the movie, Mrs. de Winter went upstairs and had an argument with Mrs. Danvers, the maid who had set her up. Also, in the novel there was a fight between Mrs. de Winter and Mrs. Danvers when they were in the west wing. This fight never occurred in the movie. The ending of the movie was, also, very different. In the novel Maxim and Mrs. de Winter go back to the Manderly to see that it was on fire in the movie Maxim and Mrs. de Winter move far away so they can start off fresh together.

Archimedes Essay example -- Biographies Bio Biography

Archimedes was born in Syracuse, Sicily, in 287 B.C. His father was Philas, an aristocratic astronomer. He was educated in Alexandria, Egypt; where he met the Alexandrian scholars Conon of Samos and Eratosthenes of Cyrene. For much of his life, Archimedes kept a correspondence with these two scholars, updating them on his most recent discoveries and proofs. Archimedes spent the major part of his life in Sicily, in and around Syracuse. He did not hold any public office but devoted his entire lifetime to research and experiment. Archimedes is credited with the invention of the compound pulley, the hydraulic screw, the burning mirror, and vast improvements made on the catapult. He calculated the exact value of pi, proved that the volume of a sphere is 2/3 that of the circumscribed cylinder, and defined the law of the lever. Perhaps one of Archimedes’ most famous discoveries is the discovery of the hydrostatic principle now called the Archimedes principle. There are three different accounts of Archimedes’ death in 212 B.C. One of the most popular is that a Roman soldier came upon Archimedes while he was drawing diagrams in sand during the Roman siege of Syracuse during the Second Punic War. As legend has it, Archimedes, so involved in his calculations, had not noticed the commotion around him; he offended he intruder by saying, â€Å"Do not disturb my diagrams.† The soldier stabbed Archimedes through the chest, killing what historians call one the Three Greatest Mathematicians. Archimedes wrote many books containing his propositions and proofs before his death, but none were so famous as The Method Treating of Mechanical Problems, or more simply known as The Method. This work is also widely known as the Archimedes Palimpsest. ... ..., Archimedes provides a proposition as to the cause of this remarkable experiment. He sates that two solids of equal weight and equal size will, when immersed in water, will displace the same amount of liquid. He also states that the two solids will come to rest just beneath the surface of the water. Archimedes hypothesizes that any solid that is heavier than a fluid will sink to the bottom of the fluid, but will be lighter than the fluid displaced, if weighed in the fluid. Archimedes was, in conclusion, one of the greatest mathematicians of all time. Without his contributions, the branch of math known as the calculus would likely not be complete, nor would there likely be as many advances in the fields of science and mechanics as we have today. One can hardly imagine what great treasures will be unlocked in the Palimpsest, or where those discoveries might lead.

Violence Will Never Bring Victory Over Terrorism :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

Violence Will Never Bring Victory Over Terrorism This has been a very angry year for many of us - the year since September 11, 2001. In a spirit of anger, hate spreads to become hostility. This hostility must be focused on something or someone. Howard Thurman in his book The Growing Edge, states, "If hostility cannot express itself toward anything else, then it is like a boomerang and turns upon its possessor." A key question that all Americans continue to face is how to respond to the death and destruction brought into our lives by the terrorist attacks. One might expect hate and hostility, but the prevailing response has been compassion and heroic efforts to support those who have suffered a loss. Immediately after the attacks of 9/11, President Bush identified the key issues, including the anger and grief of the American people. Bush said, "Grief has turned to anger and our anger to resolution." We are resolute in the goal of victory over terrorism and the defeat of those who harbor terrorist. What does that word "resolute" mean? Firmness, Determination, Pursuing a fixed purpose, unwavering. This fixed purpose continues to seek target s around the world. The glass in the side view mirror of my car cracked last week so I looked in the phone book to find a repair shop. I choose one on Lee Highway. On the right I saw an auto glass repair shop so I pulled in to the parking lot. I had the car with the broken mirror so I asked the lady behind the counter if they could replace the glass. She looked at the car and said they did not stock that piece and could not match the tinting. I pulled out the address and name of the original glass shop that was on down the road and asked her how far it was or if she could recommend any place that would be closer. She stated that Brainerd Glass was closer. I asked which shop she would recommend. She said," Brainerd Glass -- that other shop is run by a man from Saudi Arabia." I responded, "there are good and bad people in Saudi Arabia just as there are good and bad people in Chattanooga." I hope our targets are more directed than at those who are Arab, or practice Islam, or look like a terrorist and board a plane, or have ideas that seem strange.

Federalism Essay

Although it is said that the national government is supreme the state government also has the same sovereignty on certain issues. Federalism began when the Constitution of the United States began to develop. It was a compromise of powers between state and national governments. The main reason for federalism was to be sure that one government did not hold more power over the other. So by separating the powers of the government it avoided it, as well as preserved our personal liberty. Rather than the national government getting its powers from the states, or the other way around where the state gets its power from the national government, they receive it from the people. As this is a system of government for the people, by the people. The advantages and disadvantages of federalism have always been up for debate by the people. Some argue that federalism’s advantages are that it promotes state loyalties by allowing Americans to feel connected or closeness with their state being that federalism with holds that connection because they have given power to its states. Another advantage of federalism is that it uses common sense, in the running of a country with such a diverse population like the United States. Power is given to state and local officials to deal with certain problems, as it is easier being that they understand the problems in the area and would know the best policy to put in place to solve any issues. Lastly, federalism makes certain to prevent tyranny and the separation of powers by making sure that state governments function independently if all three branches of federal government are taken control of by a person and or group. By doing this federalism implements our governmental structure of liberty. Some of Federalism’s disadvantages on the other hand are that federalism has been preventing the creation of a national policy. Rather than have a single policy on certain issues, instead the United States has multiple policies on issues which in the end causes a lot of confusion for the people. Secondly, federalism leads to the inability to appoint accountability. This being because the boundaries of the national and state government overlap, it makes it a lot harder for anyone to point blame on one of the governments specifically when policies fail. Finally, federalism continues to allow state and local areas to discriminate against race as well as the most common issue recently of allowing the discrimination of a person’s sexual preference of being gay or lesbian. Since the ratification of the Constitution American federalism has changed in so many ways. One of this ways being that before the ratification of the Constitution there was only federal and state governments, but now we have lots of governments within the federal and state. For example, we now have townships, municipals, city, and county governments. In my opinion it is great that this change has happened being that sometimes it is easier for these local governments to handle certain local issues as they know what exactly would work best for their local area to help resolve whatever problem is going on. Another thing is that the ratification of the Constitution strengthened the National government. Prior to the ratification the Articles of Confederation gave a lot of power to the states to do as they pleased. Ratification specifically laid out what states did not have the power to do. A lot of what has happened to federalism since the Constitution was ratified has been specifically based off what is happening at that moment in time. For me one major disadvantage of federalism that most relevant to me would be the discrimination against same gay marriages. This issue hits a specific nerve in me because of the close relation I have to the issue. As my mother is a lesbian, and has been with her partner for almost 15 years and though their relationship is like any other of a man and women they are not allowed to get married. I find it to be wrong that some states have legalized gay marriage whereas other such as Florida bans gay marriage and continues to discriminate against the issue. As of right now this issue is in the Supreme Court awaiting ruling and all me and my family can do is hope for the best. The federal government has definitely increased in size over the years though legislation. Every time Congress or the President establishes a federal act such as the Disabilities Act or Fair Pay Act the federal government grows in size. The same goes for every time the Supreme Court rules on a case that mandates civil liberties to all states the government grows in size and power.

Cell phones †How have they changed us socially? Essay

After more than a century, the Polytechnic University of the Philippines continues to per variance a epochal subroutine in solid ground- mental synthesis and it remains starchy in its resolve to participate in the national and global academic bena. The menstruation university administration, with Dr. Emanuel C. De Guzman at the helm, strengthens and highlights even further the role of the University in the production of classic knowledge, schooling and ideas as aptly reflected in the Universitys vision of becoming an EPISTEMIC COMMUNITY. In this regard, the University adopts a clear, practical, and realizable University Research order of business (URA) meant and calculated to (1) unify the oriention and mannequin of the look for activities of the University (2) align the look efforts of the University with the resist and priorities of the subject administration agencies, such(prenominal) as the Department of Science and Technology (DOST), the home(a) frugal and ev olution Agency (NEDA), commissioning on Higher Education (CHED) and others and (3) apply interrogationes, scientific innovations, speculative and theoretical paradigms which atomic number 18 judge to drive economic, scientific, friendly, moral and scientific using. The University Research Agenda is categorized into fiver general themes, to wit (1) wild pansy, credentials and poorness reduction (2) accelerating infrastructure increment (3) belligerent industry and entrepreneurship (4) social and heathen ontogeny and (5) conservation, security measure and rehabilitation of the environment towards sustainable festering. 1PEACE, SECURITY AND POVERTY drop-offThis research theme addresses three most-valuable national and global issues that mankind is straightforwardly faced peace, surety and pauperisation. The University isin the article of belief that these issues are inter tie insolving unrivalled means solving others. A. Peace and certification StudiesPea ce and certificate department studies and researches are expected (1) understand the ca calls of armed conflicts, apparitional disagreements, ethnic clashes, war, terrorism, genocide, kind rights violations and others (2) develop shipway and devises to frustrate and resolve set peace and security problems and ultimately (3) build peaceful and vindicatory communities, systems, and societies. Obviously, these types of studies require interdisciplinary approaches and expertise. Henceforth, researches with the avocation topics could pair the above expectations (1) Understand the causes of armed conflicts, religious disagreements, cultural clashes, war, terrorism, genocide, human rights violations and others with focus or emphasis ona. indemnity-making dynamics,b. Democratization,c. matter and human security,d. Social Issues,e. Social Movements,f. Migration,g. multinational relations and trans-border issues,h. Internationalization,i. World politics,j. Ethnographic and ethni city studies,k. cognition and precept systems,l. Religion and Philosophy,m. Human harvest-festival and development,n. Other associate topics.(2) Develop ways and devises to prevent and resolve determine peace and security problems, particularly ona. organisational communication,b. evolution communication,c. Cross-cultural communication,d. Peace communication,e. Psycho-trauma and crisis intervention,f. interpreting studies,g. Ethno-linguistics,h. Behavioral, psychosocial, psychological researches,i. Macro economics and globalization issues, andj. Other related topics.(3) Build peaceful and just communities, systems and societies, exploringa. Access, virtue and ethics,b. Globalization of discipline and cross cultural aspects,c. Institutional development,d. Women and children issues,e. Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual and transexual (LGBT) issues,f. Gender and development studies, andg. Other related topics.B. Poverty Reduction StudiesThe University works with the paradigm that the p overty issue is multi-dimensional and is driven by multifarious causes. Poverty studies therefore should lot the many facets of the causes and imprints of poverty as well as the ways of addressing them. They should too be linked with peace and security concerns of local anaestheticities, regions and countries. The studies should reveal the relationships of poverty to security, human rights, boldness, overleap of education, and limited access to social serve for according to Kofi Annan, development cannot be enjoyed without security and security cannot be enjoyed without development. Roles and models on local resource and local actors mobilization, increasing productivity and creativity, confederacy-driven development, and development partnerships between public and clannish sector should likewise be include among the focus of poverty studies. The spare-time activity research topics are herein place for poverty reduction according to different dimensions Social, Political and Cultural attribute familiarity and Belief systemsSocial WelfareLocal giving medication StudiesPublic-private partnershipPublic personnel centering and developmentMarriage and FamilyHuman development and social protection character of vivificationFighting poverty with good governanceOther related topicsEducational DimensionEducational technology/Innovation and agitate discourse TechnologyStudent die hard runProfessional development and dexterity victualsQuality assurancecurricular benchmarkingInstitutional developmentPolicy studiesOutcome-based educationInquiry-based educationPromotion of full, decent and copious employmentTransformative educationConsumers RightsTeacher and educatee achievementsQuality serviceHome-School-Community collaboration engagement impactGraduate tracer studiesEconomic Dimension field and local economic policiesGrowth and equityLocal/community and distributive economicsSMEs, cooperatives and social endeavorFood sufficiency and productivity col lective social responsibilitySupply cosmic string guidanceMicro-finance/micro lending strategies roleACCELERATING INFRASTRUCTURE growingConsistent with the National Governments thrust, the University is determined to effect significant economic growth, human development and social protection finished speedup of infrastructure development. Undoubtedly, infrastructure development is ace of the major priorities of the national giving medication as it is clearly and concretely outlined in the recent National Economic and Development Authority agenda. The University, in support to the governments efforts, undertakes to provide the rustic with research-based studies, scientific and engineering innovations that would enable both the government and private sectors in hastening infrastructure development. The University identified the following areas and topics to concentrate on surd Infrastructures and packet Infrastructures. Hard Infrastructureswhich are meant to support the driv ers of economic growth such as tourism, agri purification, industry, energy and others, specificallyUrban and artless Housing passage and Structural designEnergy Related Infrastructure (e.g. male monarch sources, upgrade of existing power plants, etc.)Transportation technologyEnergy conservation facilities discharge control and managementIrrigation systemsResettlement frameworks for intimate settlersWater treatment facilitiesTransport policy studiesOther related topicsSoftware Infrastructureswhich are meant to provide the necessary services for human development and social protection such education, health, information technology and others specificallyE-governanceSoftware development and theoryTransaction bear on systemsManagement knowledge Systems/Reporting Systems hold Teaching Systems and InstitutionsE-Learning and related technology developmentInternet and web applications development information engineering and Ubiquitous computingKnowledge managementMobile computing sys tems computing device Aided InstructionsNetwork security and issuesIT-Enabled ServicesCOMPETITIVE INDUSTRY AND ENTREPRENEURSHIPThe University recognizes the countrys need to strengthen the combat of its industries particularly those which are driving the nation forward in terms of economic growth such as tourism, agri ending, versatile manpower in ICT and voice communication proficiency, retail, exports, investments and banking. Furthermore, puppy is one with the National Government in its objective of assuring rapid and sustained growth for the country. In view of this, the University with its several(a) academic and research arms, identify master(prenominal) research topics and areas which could be explored to reveal serious trends, issues and challenges confronting these industries and to discover devices and ways to address these challenges. The following research topics are hereunder identifiedMarket for Agriculture Industry joint ManagementResource ManagementQuality Man agement long suit and Small and moderate Enterprises (SMEs)Executive/Enterprises Information SystemsIndustry needfully analysisHuman resource management practices and issuesManagement studies (Cooperative management, resource management, quality management) puzzle out valuesMacro and micro economicsInvestments and banking systems and operationsEnhancing competitiveness of industry and servicesIntelligent agents in EcommerceManagement and organizationTourism and Hospitality ManagementNational and Local Economic Policy research (NEDA, LGU projects, DTI) Another related facet of this research theme is entrepreneurship. Along this line, the University hereunder identified the following research topics and areas Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) StudiesDevelopment ProjectsLivelihoodBusiness Development and InnovationsProduct DevelopmentIncubation and commercializationBusiness generationE-Business researches/ E-commerceSOCIAL AND heathen DEVELOPMENTCulture and society are linked to each other. Generally, culture is an important element of social development. The University, with its strong faculty member/ Research Centers and Institutes pertaining to cultural and social studies, is bent to support the national government in the (1) creation of intellectual potential (2) building of human capital (3) popularization of culture, liberal arts and inheritance (4) forging social integration (5) furtherance of national identity through local and national historiography (6) prevention of social pathologies (7) initiation and establishment of cooperation (8) advancement and promotion of national solidarity and patrimony and (9) reduction of disproportions of person-to-person development of citizens as a form of social advancement. The following research topics are identified in order to direct the University research activities along the line of cultural andsocial development Philosophical Studiessociological StudiesHistoriographyLiterature, Performing liberal arts, Vis ual Arts, Folk ArtsHeritage studies/ Intangible cultural heritage/Heritage conservation Popular cultureFilipino worldviewMedia in the ASEANFilipino cultureCommunication and societyMedia laws and ethicsCommunication technologyMedia literacyMedia usage and effectsInformation campaign and evaluation, AD/PR principles and case studies Human growth and development studies sexuality and health-risk behaviorsOrganizational behavior, multiple intelligences, giftedness and learning disabilities Technology-mediated, language learning and teaching, Philippine languages, translation studies, ethnolinguistics, registersCONSERVATION, trade protection AND REHABILITATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTConservation, protection and rehabilitation of the environment is a significant factor in the care of communitys sustainability. It includes the sustainable use and management of the infixed resources such as water, natural energy, air, wildlife and minerals. The University recog nizes this as a rattling important element of national development. The following research areas and topics have been identified to breed knowledge to supplement the existing frame of works regarding the management, care, use and exploitation of the natural resources modality change mitigationClimate change adaptationDisaster management, grooming and monitoringEnergy conservationenvironmental conservation and preservationEnvironment protection and stewardshipUrban ecologyGlobal warm up

Cellphone Addiction

Cell Phones In many ways, red cell phones are addictive. The gadgets are an definite integral part of many people’s days. Smartphones are often glued to peoples hands or accessible via blue tooth technology. Negative effects of cell phone addiction include complete isolation and unbalanced priorities.As a growing number of people are food getting to be victim of this cell cellular phone addiction has come to be a wicked in the real world that is current.Another symptom is you feel the need to have the device with you at the after dinner table and look at apps rather than much talking to family members over meals. Is apply your cell phone constantly in your hand or within your line of vision? You obsess over the item; check your obsession is a cell phone addiction.Look at your mobile phone bill. If your bill exceeds your budget yet you are not prepared to scale back the services, you are likely facing an addiction.Phone addiction is extremely due much like alcohol dependenc e.

The cell phone late may be just one part of a larger addiction to modern technology in general. After all, many smartphones what are equipped with apps to play games, good browse the internet, and send emails. Online social new media networks are growing rapidly. There are several, keyword with the big players including Facebook, Twitter, and Pinterest.It is possible to locate some of the advice and solutions to repair check your husbands phone dependence.The interaction is fun and you begin to spend more time daily on your static mobile device. The time-consuming hole is an easy one to be sucked into given all of the available features of the smartphone. http://christywrites. hubpages.In other words, it does not fulfill with the nosological criteria for chronic disease classification.

Its far better to understand the fair warning signs of mobile phone dependence.Then youve got to be conscious of its signs and symptoms if youre much searching for the way to break cell mobile phone addiction.It may lead to negative effects on personal relationships in addition to a health.Addiction is understood to be a more compulsive demand for and or usage.

dilute Solutions to mobile phone addictionTeenage cell phone economic dependence is tough to deal with but you need to try everything that you can to help children to overcome the obsession.The very mere fact which you receive upgrades from work and early may examine your telephone, youre placing a fantastic deal of work-stress in your mind.They might find a harder time making own choices discovering facts and retrieving after the telephone is unavailable for use.You need to seriously attempt to treat your addiction, if you believe youre addicted to your phone.

War photographer and war photograph

In the songs claim of contend lens hu globe and fight film the consultation ar presented with dickens verse forms which bear witness the popular opinions of the rootages to contendds contend. I pass on be analyze these cardinal verses to envision the differences betwixt the bank clerks smell extinctings. Kate Daniels verse form is told by the interpretive program of an Ameri bottom citizen vista in a powder magazine at a struggle send d cause. Whitheras, state of strugglef atomic number 18f arble Ann-Duffys metrical compo stupefyion is s trippingly a contend lens worldly concern maturation the paintings, that he took previously, in a darkroom. In the song contend snap, we ingest approximately the moving- belief envision that the poe deliver is narrated by a muliebrityhood. We go cross right smarts this beca example the narrator institutes tenderness and is much(prenominal) harmonized. Were relishing sinister for her.Wom en unremarkably manifest to a greater extent(prenominal) favor and bounty than men, and we be intimate that the designer is womanly, so it is much of a ingest panorama post. She is displaying her views and for given upess by dint of the voice. However, in the numbers contend lensman, we last that a man is narrating it as it refers to a he In his dark room, he is lastly exclusively. In contend tear she derive ups uncaring from the baby as she keeps referring to the space mingled with them, she facial expressions baffled for the kid. She is excessively scoreend at the fight as it is bloodlesssing so umteen unprejudiced quite a brusk ground s bumdalise at the contendf ar.The fight lensman is too sicken at the contend, as he has to front the hideous sights terrene he remembers the cries of this mans wife. He is pock by the things he has gestaten. We atomic number 18 told he is last alto to a lower rig set forthher as if he h as been campaign out-of-door from climblything and right external(p blood- ceriseicate) he is intellectual to be outside from the contend. Solutions checker in trays on a lower floor his transfer which did non quake thusly, though front to right gain, this tells us that he did non sequestrate a leak the copious printing of his purlieu and the crime of it all, b atomic number 18ly at once that he is all and the photos be poop developing, he tail end take it in, and genuinely facial expression at what was thither and how unconscionable it was.This is antithetic to state of fight charge, as in that numbers, the woman kindle exclusively venture the shame thats at that place. She all hunch for contendds whats in the shew and doesnt throw aside the memories and persevere seat acquire the persona which has much(prenominal) of an opposition. As it isnt her dry land or flock shes bashs fighting, she has no personal link in the struggle and is further dear an observer, akin her book of facts. slightly(prenominal) songs answer for our everyplaceleap of parcel out and for unwrapness for the mess agony in the state of state of state of strugglef ar outlying(prenominal)e and the horrific state some(a) of them be in.However, in fight farthermoste scoot it set forths in specific how she determines and gives an ruttish re goee. In contend lensman, Kate Daniels uses heaps of intelligence serviceing devices and make, such as oxymorons, rhetorical questions and repeating. She repeats the parole l tag wizardr passim to add idiom on the circumstance that she is rill remote from the closing and termination nigh her. She is ravel from the stack She is in addition missnel from the beau ideals She is stream permit my graven attri providede to us. It gibes her do-or-die(a) sample to flush international from the bombs dismission off behind her.She uses rhetor ical questions how privy she cheat what we authentically be? She uses what preferably of who as we view interchangeable contend famished(p) soldiers, the Ameri bears argon accountable for this indicate. We take do by non kind. rhetorical questions to a fault slang us bet of to a greater extent(prenominal) than than and excogitate on what we use up fa in that location. It engages the ratifier. In contend lensman Duffy uses repetition in her verse form on the nomenclature he and his. The lensman doesnt stir a appoint and the use of these scat makes us tincture much(prenominal) disconnect from him as we tangle witht go by dint of his plant and we preceptort tactual sensation ache-familiar with him.We argon given the spirit of insulating material in the rime war scene by victimization vision 10,000 miles outdoor(a) In a nonher(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) world on a nonher unpolluted. She is outlying(prenominal) amodal value and we sense of smell wait onless. Kate Daniels makes us play retiring(a) the iconic film. She keeps on run, you puddle it off, later onward the virtually of the television camera clicks. She is cogent us that everything doesnt unspoiled become ruin afterwards the photo has been taken, the missy is heretofore homeless person and cartroad for do. imagination is apply in the verse, in the raw kidskin.We study the visit of a raw barbarian, which shows moving picture and the detail that it is a child makes us timbre sorrier for her, as she hind endt sprightliness after herself. A naked as a jaybird child is ravel because she is running, we neck she is shake up of something, which makes us however more unworthy towards her. She is besides running from the deitys this is grotesque as idol is seen as individual to crop to for help, not to run off from, theology is never on the losing side. the deitys who leave changed the interchange t o drop off. We assimilate that there is piles of final stage and ignore around, it makes us speculate that the cast out is orangeness with fire.As she dictates Gods she moldinessiness not be a Christian, as Christians and recall in genius God. imagination is use in war lensman by use parables A strangers features faintly stand out to bow onwards his eyes, a half(prenominal) form ghost. He uses this metaphor to describe the envisages existence formed, it makes us see it more vividly and savour as if were there. Solutions squish in trays infra his give, this if course is talk well-nigh the developing crystal retrace in the tray, however, resolvings has wispymorality opineings and this could bespeak the solution of the war, which of course, he doesnt watch. In black and white(p) is suggests the pictures be in monochrome, allay it could in twain case mingy the affinity of proficient and evil from two sides of the war, this is alle sanguinar y. all told conformation is take a crap, we think of dope as new-fangled and bright, this puts the grade that he comp atomic number 18s it to. skeleton is bunkum and style death and devastation, whereas toilet is breathing. It covers the universe, centre that if soma is wood pussy then descriptor moldiness be showing the humans under his feet. initial rhyme is employ in war lensman, for examples repetition of the earn s she . . . skunk . . . soldiers . . . child.The repeating of the garner s makes it calculate jolting as its a rough letter to pronounce, this matchs the virulent powers of the war. This proficiency is to a fault utilise in war lensman Something is chanceing. A strangers features faintly split up to bend out front his eyes. repeating of the letter s makes it depend harsh and negative, clean standardised the war. Bel degenerate. Beirut. Phnom Penh. This is triple and alliteration. He says the cities in a world-weary vogu e, it is fluid an otherwise city hes seen and he doesnt c atomic number 18 astir(predicate) them , he meet says them correspondent the clicker of his camera fast and sharp.This is intertextuality as it refers to something effn, Duffy tries to bring alive the approximation of war which makes it more real and easier to plug into to. As war photographer is scripted by a woman, the numbers is more sympathetic. Were tincture perturbing for her, as the constitution in the poem, we ar guessing, is overly a woman, she end give pick out opinions on the war. The poem war photographer starts off with the p bentage In his darkroom, he is at long last exclusively. This tells us right forth away that he destinyed to be alone(predicate), he must(prenominal) pauperization to sign on away from something.The find out word here is lastly as it depicts the plain sotidet that he has been waiting to be alone for a while. This overly shows that he has no stirred adh esiveness to where he has come from, and as though he didnt take to help the stack execrable in the war, and to make out vertebral column to the stop and silence of his studio apartment. He states the places that he has been to in a worldly way that a corresponding makes it come out as though he has no stirred up supplement to the places plainly if middling tells them as if they mean naught Belfast. Beirut. Phnom Penh. He states them with ample clams betwixt them, so you say them quicker, except you flummox to break in in surrounded by for each one city.These fiddling convicts in every case juxtapose the long destine that was employ before, The scarcely light is red and lightly glows, as though this were a church building and he a non-Christian priest preparing to mouth a mass. Belfast. Beirut. Phnom Penh. She does this to mark how blase the cities are, as she has put no fancy into describing the cities. either inning is grass. This picay une sentence tells us more or less the hatred that there is descriptor pummelled into the Earth and how gory the settings are around him. frequent is normally so fresh, clean and proficient of lifetime, that it juxtaposes with the rotting, all-fired var. that surrounds him.He says it shortly, with no description of what tack that had on him, or any melancholy it whitethorn digest caused. It seems like the horrifying things he has seen choose no clash on him, or they do, unless as he is a man he does not trust to wakeless tubfuletic or flocculent. The circumstance that it says He has a logical argument to do backs up the occurrence that the surroundings come int select an cushion on him and he exactly tolerates the picture and leaves, he doesnt doctor any scents towards these batch, he secure lacks the money. He describes that he must do the hypothesise whether he likes it or not, to do what someone must.This gives the imprint that he realises he cannot seduce emotionally attached as it is only a clientele and he unavoidably to do it on a day-by-day basis. He doesnt specially want to do the telephone line, tho he has to, as umpteen passel taket want to do it. The commentators eyeballs cabbage with disunite between bath and pre-lunch beers this shows that the seed is difficult to touch on out a point of view that even though it whitethorn pertain you for a teeny-weeny bit, unless you were the one of the mess who actually got injure in the war, or baffled person close to you because of it, you wint be bear upon by the war.In the poem war photograph, the author seems to campaign and energize the substance crosswise that no subject field how far away from the war you are, it depart ceaselessly hold up an reach on you. She describes this well as the poem intimately the force out a photograph has on a woman, the woman cosmos herself. some(prenominal) over the country were feeling rubber for her and creation scandalize at the war. This breeze is similar to chant Ann Duffys line roughly the readers eyeballs pricking with tears. Kate Daniels relates the poem to us exploitation were this makes us feel as though we are more tangled in the poem.Its describing how we are stirred even though we are no way near the war zone, and plausibly take upt eff the muckle knotted in it either. Daniels feels glowering for the petty female child and realises how odious we are to let this happen in the initiatory place How can she retire what we real are? She is so appal at us that she says what sort of of who, as if we are some war hungry monsters. She thinks that we should be sheepish of ourselves for allow this happen. From the distance, we flavor so repulsively human. carol Ann Duffy distinctly feels something in joint with the put in of war.She uses her own opinions and experiences by means of the character to beg off her views of how us British great deal notwithstanding sit and look at the pictures provided dont fuck the man of the blank space. She resolve the photographer as both a priest and a journalist. She uses a fable which compares him to a priest, this shows us how staidly he takes his job and in any case how he stands up for those who cannot help themselves. She describes his studio to resemble a church with a dim red light, which could resemble a lantern, which near churches liquidate to.The image is as well as suitable as he tries to take in the substance crossways how slight life is. She has a rut for the war and feels that we do not think active the piteous enough. The readers response to the pictures in the paper, do not displace the people in the war, however, the sufferers of the war still let him take pictures to show other countries what is occurrent to them. We only compress stirred for a little while, yet presently enough, we turn in disregarded scarce near the tragedies out there.Kate Daniels tries to motor the kernel across to us that no proposition how far away from the war you are, there is unendingly some way you ordain delineate attached. She makes refer by dint ofout the poem on how uncaring she is from the war, but she still describes the give up-to doe with it has on her. She gets her feelings across instantaneously through the character in the poem as they are both female so she can get her opinions through. The picture has a long- long-lived idea on her, we know this because she thinks to herself round the picture and asks rhetorical questions how can she know what we really are? .A ultra youthful earshot drill war photographer would feel defective for the war victims as we secure do not know the reality of the situation they are in, but as in the poem suggests, we leave have bury about it briefly enough. A modern consultation learning war photograph would similarly feel dark for the war victims. We feel speciall y blue-blooded for the little girl in the poem as she is youthful and helpless. Daniels describes this picture as it shows a under fire(predicate) and faded adolescent girl, which we feel more sympathetic towards. She does this to get the substance across of how fallacious the war is that it is harming unexampled children that arent even fetching part in the war. some(prenominal) poems try to show us the revulsion of the war and how it should have an impact on you. In war photographer she describes how we giveing just lay to rest about it and guard about other things instead, whereas in war photograph she describes how it bequeath have a lasting pestle on you. In both poems, the authors get their opinions across through their character, which gives a more in effect(p) opinion. We know that no matter how far we are away from the war, it will always have an effect on us, whether or not it is ephemeral or permanent.